Chapter 30 Flashcards
appendix
appendix
small appendage attached to the cecum, which has no known function in humans
bolus
ball of food produced by chewing and saliva that can be swallowed
cecum
small pouch that forms the beginning of the large intestine
cementum
thin layer of bone that covers the dentin of the root of a tooth; provides protection and anchors the periodontal ligament
cholelithiasis
formation of gallstones
chyme
semiliquid form of food that is passed from the stomach to the small intestine
cirrhosis
potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the liver is damaged, usually after years of inflammation, scarring, or fibrosis that replaces healthy tissue and prevents the liver from working normally
colitis
inflammation of the large intestine caused by many different disease processes, including infections, primary inflammatory disorders, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s colitis, lymphocytic and collagenous colitis, lack of blood flow, and history of radiation to the large bowel
colon
makes up the bulk of the large intestine and can be divided into the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
colorectal cancer
collective term for colon and rectal cancer
Crohn’s disease
a chronic disease of the intestines that primarily causes ulcerations in the lining of the small and large intestines but can affect the digestive system anywhere from the mouth to the anus; also called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
dentin
calcified, largely mineral tissue that forms the bulk of teeth
digestive enzymes
juices produced by cells and glands in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and pancreas that help digest food
diverticulitis
inflammation or infection of a diverticulum (a small pouch or sac in the wall of the colon) generally caused by stool lodging in diverticula, which can lead to swelling or rupture
diverticulosis
condition of having diverticula (small outpouchings in the large intestine), most typically in the sigmoid colon; increases with age because of the weakening of the colon walls
enamel
hardest and most compact part of the tooth, made up almost entirely of mineral; covers the exposed part of the crown