Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

patho > chapter 33 > Flashcards

chapter 33 Flashcards

1
Q

ischemic stroke

A

-Most common in internal carotid and middle cerebral artery
-Occurs gradually & symptoms are progressive. The symptoms can appear over several hours & progress to maximal deficit over several days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ischemic Stroke causes

A

-Cerebral arteriosclerosis
-Carotid stenosis (abnormal narrowing)
-Atrial fibrillation also referred to as A-fib, is irregular & most often very rapid heart rhythm (arrhythmia) that can lead to blood clots in the heart.
-Stasis of blood leads to clot formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ischemic stroke path and location

A

affects right side of the brain, and involves the internal and carotid artery. caused by an embolus blocking blood flow to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

Artery rupture results in bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hemorrhagic stroke causes

A

-Hypertension: most common cause
-Aneurysm rupture
Most common location: Circle of Willis
-Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Arterial branch in subarachnoid space ruptures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hemorrhagic stroke pathophysiology

A

-Hematoma develops as a result of the ruptured blood vessel. The hematoma disrupts the neurons & glia (connective tissue) resulting in decreased blood volume, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular swelling, inflammation & edema. Compression of brain tissue & increased intracranial pressure(ICP) causes further injury to brain.

-Normal ICP 7-15 mm Hg in adults who are supine

-Blood flows into brain, compresses and displaces brain tissue

-Blood causes vasospasm of adjacent blood vessels
-Blood released is toxic to surrounding cells

-Anoxic encephalopathy (functioning of brain is affected)
Lack of oxygen delivery causes decreased level of consciousness

-Cerebral edema may occur, putting pressure on brain tissues
Pressure on brainstem causes alteration in HR, breathing, pupil dilation

-Cushing’s triad: pressure on brainstem
Bradypnea or irregular respirations
Bradycardia
Hypertension

-If hemorrhage is large, hematoma and clot form; may expand in first 24 hours, worsening symptoms
Eventually, immune response and scar tissue form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stroke risk factors

A

-Hypertension (HTN)
-Hyperlipidemia
-Diabetes
-Smoking
-Obesity
-Lack of exercise
-Atrial fibrillation
-Oral contraceptives
-Excess alcohol
-Family history
-Age 55+
-Gender
-Male risk is greater than female
-Ethnicity
-African American risk is greater than Caucasian
-Sickle cell disease
-Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
-Amyloid accumulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Stroke

A

-Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes present with similar signs

-Middle cerebral artery most common stroke location
Speech, motor, sensory deficits

-Neurological deficits on one side of body
Slurred speech, loss of gag reflex, facial droop
Hemiparesis, hemiparalysis, loss of sensation
Vision loss
Some patients have disorientation, confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

OOOTTAFAGVSH

A

on old olympus towering tops a finn and german viewed some hops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Olfactory order, function and sensory motor or both

A
  1. first
  2. smell
  3. sensory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Optic order, function and sensory motor or both

A
  1. second
  2. sight
  3. sensory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

oculomotor order, function and sensory motor or both

A
  1. third
  2. movement of eye
  3. motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

trochlear order, function and sensory motor or both

A
  1. fourth
  2. movement of eye
  3. motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

trigeminal order, function and sensory motor or both

A
  1. fifth
  2. moves and feels for the face
  3. sensory and motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

abducens order, function and sensory motor or both

A
  1. sixth
  2. movement of eyes laterally
  3. motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

facial order, function and sensory motor or both

A
  1. seventh
  2. movement and feeling of neck and face
  3. motor and sensory
17
Q

vestibulochlear order, function and sensory motor or both

A
  1. eight
  2. hearing and balance
  3. sensory
18
Q

glossopharyngeal order, function and sensory motor or both

A
  1. ninth
  2. feels and moves throat and mouth
  3. sensory and motor
19
Q

vagus order, function and sensory motor or both

A
  1. tenth
  2. digestion, heart rate, and respiratory rate, (not controllable basically)
  3. motor and sensory
20
Q

accessory order, function and sensory motor or both

A
  1. eleventh
  2. moves neck
  3. motor
21
Q

hypoglossal

A
  1. twelfth
  2. tongue movement
  3. motor
22
Q

aphasia

A

difficulty speaking/ understanding language

23
Q

types of aphasia

A

broca’s area
wernicke’s area

24
Q

broca’s area

A

speak language
expressive aphasia
cannot speak

25
Q

wernicke’s area

A

comprehend language
receptive aphasia
cannot understand

26
Q

carotid aneurysm

A

weak wall of carotid artery

patho (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions