Chapter 3.28 The Rest of the DNA Viruses Flashcards
What is the shape of poxviridae?
brick-shaped DNA virus where the DNA is organized into a dumbbell shape
What is the difference between poxviridae and other DNA viruses?
poxviridae replicated in the cytoplasm
What disease is caused by poxviridae?
smallpox
NOT CHICKEN POX
What was the clinical presentation of smallpox?
pox skin lesions and death from poxviridae infection of the respiratory system
What is a concern with smallpox?
since so many people have no immunity to it, it could be used as bioterrorism
How is smallpox transmitted?
only in humans from person-to-person via large droplets
What is droplet transmission?
large particles containing smallpox are propelled from an infected person over short distances and deposit onto mucous membranes (mouth or nose) of another person
What is aerosol transmission?
small particles containing particles smallpox are propelled from an infected person and is inhaled by another person (ex. cough)
What are the major differences between smallpox and chicken pox?
Smallpox- ulcerating, deep pustules develop all at the same time and appear most densely on the face and palms
Chickenpox- pustules appear in waves (crops) and start on face and torso and later spread to entire body
Table of chickenpox vs smallpox
Smallpox- orthopoxviridae, synchronous lesions, deep lesions, centrifugal spread, prominent on face and palms
Chickenpox- herepesviridae, asynchronous lesions, superficial lesions, centripetal spread, prominent in chest
What are the 3 members of the papovaviridae group?
*PA-PO-VA viridae
PA: PApilloma virus- cause human warts and cervical cancer
PO: POlyomavirus- 2 members- human BK and JC virus
VA: Simian VAcuolating virus that doesn’t affect humans
What is the mneumonic key to help remember papovaviridae?
*think O
O for circular double stranded DNA
O for round warts
O for round cervix
What is the clinical presentation of a patient with warts from Papilloma virus?
benign hyperproliferation of keratinized squamous epithelium
What affect can papilloma virus have on the cervix?
cause cervical dysplasia and carcinoma related to sexual activity and HPV exposure
What is a PAP smear?
used to detect early dysplastic cellular changes in the cervix from papilloma virus
What are 2 FDA-approved vaccines for HPV?
quadrivalent vaccine that is effective against:
HPV type 16 and 18 which cause cervical cancer
HPV types 6 and 11 which cause genital warts
What 2 polyoma viruses infect humans?
BK and JC
Who is at risk for BK Polyomavirus?
mild or asymptomatic infection in children
causes symptomatic disease in immunocompromised patients
What is the major disease caused by BK virus?
nephritis and ureteral stenosis in renal transplant patients, and hemorrhagic cystitis in bone marrow transplant patients
Who is at right for JC Polyomavirus?
immunocompromised patients
What is the infection caused by JC Polyomavirus?
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
What is the clinical presentation of a patient with PML?
CNS white matter damage
*imagine JC penny shoppers walking around the store with memory loss, poor speech, and incoordination
What infection is caused by Adenoviridae?
upper respiratory tract infections
*most common in children
What are the clinical manifestations from adenoviridae?
rhinitis, conjunctivitis, sore throat, cough
What are the most common respiratory illnesses in children?
RSV, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, and adenovirus
What is the clinical presentation of a patient with enteric adenoviruses?
diarrheal illness in infants and children
What are the characteristics of Parvoviridae?
smallest icosahedral virus and has a single strand of DNA
What disease is caused by parvoviridae?
erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) in children characterized by fever and "slapped" face rash on the cheek
