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COM MOD 2.2 Viruses > Chapter 3.24 Orthomyoxoviridae and paramyoxoviridae > Flashcards

Chapter 3.24 Orthomyoxoviridae and paramyoxoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What are the similarities between orthomyxoviridae and paramyxoviridae?

A

similar structures, ability to absorb glycoprotein receptors in the upper respiratory tract

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2
Q

What viruses are in orthomyxoviridae group?

A

influenza viruses

“ORdinary flu”

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3
Q

What viruses are in the paramyxoviridae group?

A

influenza-like viruses and PARAde of different diseases- parainfluenza virus, mumps, measles, metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus

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4
Q

How does influenza spread?

A

small-particle respiratory aerosols

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5
Q

What is the shape of orthomyxoviridae?

A

spherical virions, 8 negative stranded RNA put together by nucleocapsid protein (NP) surrounded by outer membrane of glycoprotein spikes

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6
Q

What 2 types of glycoproteins are present in outer membrane of orthmyxoviridae?

A

Hemagglutinin Activity (HA) and Neuraminidase Activity (NA)

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7
Q

What anchors the glycoproteins to the inside of the virus?

A

M proteins (membrane proteins)

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8
Q

Where dose hemagglutinin (HA) attach?

A

sialic acid on erythrocytes causing heme-agglutination and upper respiratory tract cell membranes

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9
Q

Where is Neuraminidase present?

A

mucin which covers mucosal epithelial cells and is important in upper respiratory defense barrier

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10
Q

What is the function of neuraminidase?

A

disrupt mucin barrier

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11
Q

What are the types of influenza virus?

A

A, B, and C
Type A infects human, mammals, and birds
Type B and C have only been isolated from humans

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12
Q

Who suffers more serious consequences of influenza?

A

the elderly and immunocompromised

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13
Q

What is relation of influenza viral infection to bacteria?

A

virus lowers host defenses against bacteria

*secondary pneumonia by Staph aureus, and strep pneumoniae

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14
Q

What is Reye’s Syndrome?

A

children who are given aspirin when they have influenza or varicella can develop severe liver and brain disease

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15
Q

What are the 4 diagnostic tests for influenza?

A
  1. Virus isolation- culture of virus to determine genetic and antigenic analysis
  2. Detect viral proteins- help to choose anti-viral
  3. Detection of viral nucleic acid (RNA)
  4. Serological diagnosis
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16
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of H5N1?

A

high fever and flu-like illness with lower respiratory symptoms, clinical pneumonia with patchy infiltrate on chest radiogram
*can progress to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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17
Q

What are “flu-like” symptoms?

A

headache, myaldias, diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, sore throat, rhinnorhea

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18
Q

What are lower respiratory symptoms?

A

cough, shortness of breath, sputum production

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19
Q

What is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

A

non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema which has low blood oxygen levels, infiltrates part of the lung and no heart failure

20
Q

Where is the vector for H5N1 and H7N9?

A

avian

21
Q

What is the structure of paramyxoviridae?

A

negative stranded RNA in a singe strand, HA and NA are part of the same spike (not different), have fusion (F) protein

22
Q

What is the function of fusion protein in paramyxoviridae?

A

causes infected host cells to fuse together into multinucleated giant cells

23
Q

What are the 5 paramyxoviridae viruses that cause human disease?

A

parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, mumps virus, and measles virus

24
Q

What are the major 3 things to think about for the paramyxoviridae viruses?

A
  1. Lungs- all adsorb in upper respiratory
  2. Kids- most infections occur in children
  3. Viremia- dissemination of virions in blood
25
Q

What infection is caused by parainfluenza virus?

A

upper respiratory infection in adults

lower respiratory infection in children and immunocompromised individuals

26
Q

What are the clinical symptoms in adults from parainfluenza virus?

A

Range from (mild) rhinitis, pharyngitis, sinus congestion to (severe) bronchitis, and flu-like symtpoms

27
Q

What is Croup?

A

parainfluenza infection of the larynx and other upper respiratory structures that occurs in children

28
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of croup?

A

swelling of upper respiratory structures causing narrow of airway, stridor (wheezing sound), and barking cough

29
Q

What infection is caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?

A

respiratory infections that causes formation of multinucleated giant cells

30
Q

Who is RSV most common in?

A

young children

*number 1 cause of pneumonia in young children (especially 6 mo. or less)

31
Q

What infection is caused by metapneumovirus?

A

lower respiratory infection in young children (1 year old)

32
Q

Where does the mumps virus replicate?

A

upper respiratory tract and regional in lymph nodes and spread via blood stream to distant sites

33
Q

What organ is most frequently involved in the mumps?

A

parotid gland

34
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a person with mumps?

A

parotid gland swells and is painful

  • 3 weeks after initial exposure
  • testes are often infected
35
Q

What is the significance of male with mumps?

A

can develop orchitis where the testes enlarge and stretch the capsule causing severe pain

36
Q

What vaccine is used for the mumps?

A

MMR vaccine (mumps, measles, and rubella)

37
Q

What is another name for rubeola?

A

measles

38
Q

How does measles virus spread?

A

nasopharyngeal secretions or direct contact

39
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with measles?

A

Incubation- Days 1-10
Early (Days 8-12)- conjunctivitis, swelling of eyelids, photophobia, high fever, hacking cough, rhinitis, malaise
Intermediate (Days 10-12- Koplik’s spots
Late (Days 10-16)- Measles Rash

40
Q

What are Koplik’s spots?

A

small red-based lesions with blue-white centers in the mouth of person with measles
*a day or 2 before measles rash

41
Q

What does the Measles rash look like?

A

red, flat to slightly bumpy (maculopapular) that spreads from the forehead to the face, neck, torso, and feet

42
Q

What organs can become involved in measles virus?

A

lung damage, eye damage, heart damage, and encephalitis

43
Q

What can be involved if a pregnant woman has measles virus?

A

spontaneous abortion and premature delivery

*no birth defects

44
Q

What is Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)?

A

slow form of encephalitis caused by measles virus

45
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a child with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?

A

Slowly pressing central nervous system disease with mental deterioration and incoordination
*occurs many years after measles infection

46
Q

What is the vaccine used for measles?

A

MMR vaccine

COM MOD 2.2 Viruses (7 decks)

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