Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COM MOD 2.2 Viruses > Chapter 3.25 Hepatitis Viridae > Flashcards

Chapter 3.25 Hepatitis Viridae Flashcards

1
Q

What infection is caused by viral hepatitis?

A

infection of liver hepatocytes by viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 known RNA viruses that infect the liver?

A 
Hep A
Hep C
Hep D
Hep E
Hep G
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the 1 DNA virus that infects the liver?

A

Hep B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which hepatitis infections are transmitted by fecal-oral route?

A

Hep A and E

*A and E are at both ends of ABCDE so they are transmitted by both ends of the GI tract: A=anal E=enteric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are most hepatitis infections transmitted?

A

via blood-to-blood (parenteral) contact

*BCD= BlooD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What viruses can cause acute viral hepatitis?

A

all- ABCEG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What viruses can cause chronic viral hepatitis?

A

HBV, HCV, HDV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the clinical manifestation timeline of a patient with acute viral hepatitis?

A

1- systemic symptoms- fatigue, low grade fever, muscle/joint aches, cough, runny nose
2- (1-2 weeks)- jaundice (bilirubin buildup), liver cell necrosis
3- painful enlarges liver, high liver-enzyme count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What enzymes are produced when hepatocytes necrose?

A

AST- aspartate aminotransferase
ALT- alanine aminotransferase
GGT- gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
alkaline phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What elevated levels in the blood signal acute viral hepatitis?

A

AST, ALT, GGT, alkaline phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is chronic viral hepatitis difficult to diagnose?

A

patient is asymptomatic with only enlarged tender liver and mildly elevated liver enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference in enzyme levels between acute viral hepatitis and stone blocking bile duct?

A

acute viral hepatitis- AST and ALT are high and moderaly GGT and alkaline phosphatase (initially) then they all rise higher (later)
stone- GGT and alkaline phosphatase high only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the shape of Hep A virus?

A

naked icosahedral capsid with + single stranded RNA

*in Pico family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of Hep A transmission?

A

infected food handler contaminating food after poor hand washing
persons ingesting fecal contaminated water
close person-to-person contact in fay care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who are most frequently infected with Hep A?

A

young children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What serology can be done to distinguish Hep A?

A

detect anti-HAV IgM and anti-IgG in serum

*HAV is antigenic capsule resulting in host anti-HAV IgM and anti-HAV IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does Hep B virus colonize in the body?

A

body fluids- semen, urine, saliva, blood, breast milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the shape of HBV

A

Big virus with enveloped icosahedral capsid and double stranded circular DNA
*HBV= Big and Bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the intact HBV virus called?

A

Dane particle (Big like a great DANE)

20
Q

What does the Hep B surface antigen look like?

A

filamentous structures that have and envelope and capsid proteins

21
Q

Why is Hep B surface antigen important?

A

having anti-HBsAg means a patient is immune

22
Q

What is the marker for active Hep B disease and highly infectious state?

A

HBeAg

23
Q

What is the relationship between pregnant mothers and Hep B?

A

pregnant mothers with HBeAg will almost always transmit HBV to offspring

24
Q

How is HepB transmitted?

A

from blood-to-blood
non-oral transmission called parenteral transmission
ex. needle sharing, accidental medical exposure, sexual contact, blood transfusions

25
Q

What kinds of hepatitis can Hep B cause?

A

acute hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and co-infection with hepatitis delta virus

26
Q

What are the 3 kinds of Chronic hepatitis?

A
  1. asymptomatic carrier- never develops antibodies and harbors virus without injury
  2. chronic-persistent hepatitis- patient with low-grade hepatitis
  3. chronic active hepatitis- has acute hepatitis state that continues without normal recovery for 6-12 months
27
Q

How does liver injury occur from HBV?

A

cell-mediated immune system attack on HBV

*immune complexes of antibody and HBsAg deposit in tissues and activate immune system

28
Q

What cancer can be a complication of HBV?

A

primary hepatocellular carcinoma

29
Q

What permanent damage to the liver can occur from HBV?

A

cirrhosis

30
Q

What form of hepatitis is occurring if serology testing has HBsAg present?

A

LIVE virus and infection (chronic or acute)

31
Q

What form of hepatitis is occurring if serology testing has anti-HBsAg present?

A

immune, cure, no active disease

32
Q

What form of hepatitis is occurring if serology testing has HBcAg present?

A

use to understand how long the infection has been ongoing

33
Q

What form of hepatitis is occurring if serology testing has IgM anti-HBcAg or IgG anti-HBcAg present?

A

IgM - acute

IgG - chronic

34
Q

What form of hepatitis is occurring if serology testing has HBeAg present?

A

High infectivity

35
Q

What are the characteristics of HDV?

A

RNA helical shaped virus transmitted parenterally and can only replicate with the help of HBV

36
Q

How does HDV use HBV for help?

A

HDV uses HBV’s envelope, HBsAg

*HBV + HDV = Big Bad Dude

37
Q

What is the activity of HDV without HBV?

A

defective

38
Q

What is the superinfection that HDV can cause?

A

HDV infects people with chronic HBV

*causes acute hepatitis in a patient who already is chronically infected with HBV

39
Q

What hepatitis is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis in the US?

A

Hep C

40
Q

What is the shape of Hep C?

A

enveloped icosahedral RNA virus in flavivirus family

41
Q

How is HCV transmitted?

A

parenterally primarily through injection of drugs

42
Q

What is the incubation period for Hep C?

A

6-12 weeks

43
Q

What is the clinical presentation of patient with HPV

A

acute infection- asymptomatic

chronic infection - chronic hepatitis

44
Q

How to diagnose HCV?

A

test for anti-HCV antibodies that is detectable in 6-8 weeks

45
Q

Which hepatitis is known as the non-A hepatitis?

A

Hep E

46
Q

How is Hep E transmitted?

A

fecal-oral route- usually through water contamination

47
Q

What are the characteristics of Hep G?

A

RNA virus in the flavivirus family

  • transmitted by transfusion and parenteral routes
  • not conclusively known to cause liver disease

COM MOD 2.2 Viruses (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions