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COM MOD 2.2 Viruses > Chapter 3.27 Herpesviridae > Flashcards

Chapter 3.27 Herpesviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 generalities of herpesviridae?

A
  1. Can develop a latent state
  2. Form multinucleated giant syncytial cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
  3. Help at bay by cell-mediated immune responses
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2
Q

Where do primary viruses of herepesviridae migrate and reside?

A

sensory ganglia

*stay there until reactivation from stress and then they migrate to peripheral skin

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3
Q

What group of herpesviridae cause cell destruction?

A

alpha sub group viruses (herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster
*resulting in blisters

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4
Q

What virus is part of the beta subgroup of herpesviridae?

A

CMV

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5
Q

What virus is part of the gamma subgroup of herpesviridae?

A

Epstein-Barr virus

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6
Q

Who is more likely to suffer from herpesviridae?

A

patients with compromised cell-mediated immune status

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7
Q

How are Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2 transmitted?

A

direct inoculation of muco-cutaneous surfaces

ex. orpharynx, cervix, conjunctivae, cracks in skin

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8
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of HSV 1 and 2?

A 
Gingivostomatitis
Genital Herpes
Herpetic keratitis
Neonatal Herpes
Herpetic Whitlow
Disseminated Herpes
Encephalitis
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9
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Gingivostomatitis?

A

painful swollen gums and mucous membranes
fever and systemic symptoms
*resolve in about 2 weeks

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10
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Genital herpes?

A

Early signs- fever, headache, vaginal and urethral discharge, enlarged lymph nodes
Later signs- blisters and painful or painless ulcers

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11
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Herpetic keratitis?

A

corneal blindness

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12
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Neonatal herpes?

A

congenital defects or intrauterine death

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13
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Herpetic Whitlow?

A

HSV infection of the finger- painful, bright red, hot and swollen

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14
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Disseminated Herpes?

A

extensive mucocutaneous infections to liver, lung, GI tract in immune compromised patients

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15
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Encephalitis from HSV?

A

*HSV-1 is the most common cause of viral encephalitis in the US
sudden onset of fever and focal neurological abnormalities

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16
Q

What organisms can cross the blood-placental barrier?

A 
TORCHES
TO: TOxoplasmosis
R: Rubella
C: Cytomegalovirus
HE: HErpes, HIV
S: Syphilis
17
Q

What diseases are caused by Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)?

A

varicella (chicken pox) and herpes zoster (shingles)

**chicken pox is not caused by pox viridae!

18
Q

Who is varicella most common in?

A

children

*after resolution, virus remains latent and could get reactivated later in life

19
Q

What organ system is affected in varicella?

A

respiratory tract and viral dissemination in the bloodstream (viremia)

20
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with varicella?

A

fever, malaise, headache followed by a rash

*Rash starts on face and trunk and spreads to the entire body

21
Q

What is the appearance of the vesicles in varicella?

A

“dew on a rose petal”- red base with a fluid filled vesicle on top
fluid becomes cloudy, the vesicles rupture, and lesions scab over

22
Q

What is the difference in lesions between chicken pox and smallpox?

A

Chicken Pox- superficial, not umbilicated, different stages, more common on trunk lesions
Smallpox- deep, hard, umbilicated, same stage, more common on extremities lesions

23
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Zoster (Shingles)?

A

burning, painful skin lesions that develop over the area supplies by the sensory nerves

24
Q

How is Zoster diagnosed?

A

patient develops a painful skin rah that overlays a specific sensory dermatome

25
Q

What is the appearance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) cells?

A

swollen (cytomegaly), multinucleated giant cells, and intranuclear inclusion bodies

26
Q

What are the 4 infectious states of CMV?

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Congenital- one of the TORCHES that can cross the placenta
  3. Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis- causes mono in young adults
  4. Reactivation- in immunocompromised patients
27
Q

What is the most common cause of viral mental retardation?

A

Congenital cytomegalovirus

28
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with congenital CMV?

A

mental retardation, microcephaly, deafness, seizures

29
Q

What is the defining difference between EBV mononucleosis and CMV mononucleosis?

A

CMV mononucleosis will have “monospot negative mono”

30
Q

What is the difference in CMV disease in AIDS patients vs bone marrow transplant patients?

A

AIDS patients- CMV viremia (in blood), CMV retinitis, and CMV colitis
Bone marrow transplant patients- develop CMV pneumonia

31
Q

How can CMV be diagnosed?

A
  1. Buffy Coat- culture WBCs because thats where CMV invades
  2. Antigen- CMV antigen in blood
  3. PCR- CMV DNA in blood
32
Q

What disease is caused by Epstein-Barr virus?

A

mononucleosis and certain cancers- Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancers

33
Q

What does EBV infect in the body?

A

human B cells- causes uncontrolled growth

34
Q

How can EBV infect immunosuppressed patients?

A

Latent EBV can reactivate and cause uncontrolled growth of B cell like

35
Q

What is mononucleosis?

A

disease caused by EBV

“kissing disease”

36
Q

Who is mononucleosis most common in?

A

young adults

37
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with mononucleosis?

A

fever, chills, sweats, headache, very painful pharyngitis, enlarged lymph nodes (from B cell proliferation), and enlarged spleens

38
Q

What is shown in the blood work of a patient with mononucleosis?

A
  • High WBC count with atypical lymphocytes* on a blood smear
  • Heterophile antibody in blood- antibody against EBV
  • Positive monospot test- detecting heterophile antibody
39
Q

What herpesvirus causes Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

HHV 8

COM MOD 2.2 Viruses (7 decks)

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