Chapter 32: Female Reproductive System Flashcards
Microscopic structure of ovaries
- Ovarian follicles
- Ovum
Cavities of the uterus are small because of the ?
thickness of the uterine walls
This is part of the reproductive tract and permits sperm to ascend toward the uterine tubes
The uterus or womb
Breast size is determined by the amount of fat around __________ _________ (Figure 32-16)
glandular tissue
Location of what?
Nodular glands located on each side of the uterus, below and behind the uterine tubes (Figure 32-3)
OVARIES
Each uterine tube has three divisions:
- isthmus,
- ampulla
- infundibulum (contain fimbriae that collect the ovum)
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The body cavity’s apex constitutes the internal os and opens into the cervical canal, which is constricted at its lower end and forms the external os that opens into the vagina
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If conception occurs, an offspring implants and develops in the ?
uterus
Function of what?
- make the uterus suitable for implantation of a new offspring
- Cyclical nature of the reproductive system and the fact that fertilization occurs within 24 hours after ovulation mean that a woman is fertile only a few days of each month
menstrual cycle
Menstrual flow begins at puberty; menstrual cycle continues for about ____decades
three
Cyclical changes in the uterus are caused by changes in __________ & _____________(Figure 32-14)
estrogens and progesterone
OVARIAN CYCLE
Cells of ruptured follicle become the_______ _______ and secretes progesterone. Produces progesterone for 7-8 days and then stops unless fertilization takes place
corpus luteum
The cyclical release
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Gonadotropic Cycle
between ovulation and onset of menses characterized by progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum
Premenstrual phase
rupture of the mature follicle with release of its ovum into the pelvic cavity (occurs 14 days prior to the end of the cycle)
Ovulation
The function of mammary glands is ___________
lactation
Menstrual cycle (endometrial cycle) is typically a 28 day cycle and is divided into what four phases:
- Menses
- Postmenstrual phase
- Ovulation
- Premenstrual phase
- Internal genitals:
- External genitals
- mammary glands
accessory or essential?
Accessory organs
Structure of what?
- a collapsible tube capable of distention, composed of smooth muscle, and lined with mucous membrane arranged in rugae
- The cervix protrudes into its uppermost portion
- Hymen: a mucous membrane that typically forms a border around the vagina in young premenstrual girls
VAGINA
Reproductive organs are classified as
- essential
- accessory
A tubular organ located between the rectum, urethra, and bladder
VAGINA
Prolactin (secreted from anterior pituitary gland) stimulates___________.
** lactation**
If conception does not occur, outer layers of ______________are shed during menstruation—a cyclical event that allows it to renew itself
endometrium
Ovarian cycle’s primary function is to produce _______ at regular intervals
ova
Lactation can provide nutrient-rich milk to offspring for up to several years from birth; advantages include:
- Nutrients
- Passive immunity from antibodies present in the colostrum and milk
- Emotional bonding between mother and child
Structure of what?
(pudendum; the female external genitals): mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urinary meatus, vaginal orifice, and greater vestibular glands (Figure 32-9)
VULVA
Functions of what?
- To produce offspring and thereby ensure continuity of the genetic code
- To produce eggs, or female gametes, each of which has the potential to unite with a male gamete to form the first cell of an offspring
- To provide nutrition and protection to the offspring for up to several years after conception
female reproductive system
Objectives
Identify key components of the male and female reproductive systems.
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