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BIOLOGY 2ND SEMESTER > Chapter 31: Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 31: Male Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Objectives:

Identify key components of the male and female reproductive systems.

A

fyi

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2
Q
  • Functioning of the reproductive system ensures the survival of the genetic characteristics of a species
  • Depends on union of male and female gametes (sex cells)
  • Each gamete has a half set of chromosomes
  • Male and female reproductive systems designed to enable union of genetic material
A

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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3
Q

this system consists of organs whose functions are to produce, transfer, and introduce mature sperm into the female reproductive tract, where fertilization can occur

A

Male Reproductive System

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4
Q

theses organs are for production of gametes or accessory organs that support the reproductive process (Figure 31-1)

Essential organs

A

gonads of the male; testes

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5
Q

Genital ducts convey sperm outside the body. These include a pair of epididymides, paired vasa deferentia (vas deferens), pair of ejaculatory ducts, and the urethra
Accessory glands produce secretions that nourish, transport, and mature sperm. These include a pair of seminal vesicles, the prostate, and pair of bulbourethral glands.
Supporting structures: scrotum, penis, and pair of spermatic cords

A

Accessory organs of reproduction

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6
Q

Genital ducts convey sperm outside the body. These include 3 paired organs a one single.

A

epididymides

vasa deferentia (vas deferens)

**ejaculatory ducts **

urethra

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7
Q

Accessory glands produce secretions that nourish, transport, and mature sperm. These include

A

a pair of seminal vesicles

the prostate

pair of bulbourethral glands.

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8
Q

MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Supporting structures:

A
  • scrotum
  • **penis **
  • pair of spermatic cords
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9
Q
  • Located in the scrotum, one testis in each of two scrotal compartments
  • Several lobules composed of 1-3 seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells (Leydig cells), separated by septa and encased in fibrous capsule called the tunica albuginea (Figure 31-3)
  • Seminiferous tubules in testis open into a plexus called rete testis, which is drained by a series of efferent ductules that emerge from the top of the organ and enter the head of epididymis
A

TESTES - Structure and Location


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10
Q

endocrine cells between the seminiferous tubules; secrete testosterone

A

Interstitial (Leydig) cells

part of the

Microscopic anatomy (Figures 31-4 to 31-6)

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11
Q

Spermatogenic cells produce ?

A

sperm or spermatozoa

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12
Q
  • Support and regulate sperm-producing functions of the testis
  • Help to increase testosterone in the seminiferous tubules
  • Tight junctions between these cells form the blood-testis barrier, which protects developing sperm from the immune system
A

Sustentacular cells: also called nurse or Sertoli cells

part of the

Microscopic anatomy (Figures 31-4 to 31-6)

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13
Q

thses are functions of what?

  • Spermatogenesis:
  • Secretion of hormones (Figure 31-7)
A

TESTES

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14
Q

formation of mature male gametes (spermatozoa) by seminiferous tubules

A

Spermatogenesis

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15
Q

Spermatogenisis is stimulated by __________ -_________ ___________ from the anterior pituitary (and also gonadotropin-releasing hormone from hypothalamus)

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

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16
Q
  • Type of androgen: masculinizing hormone
  • Stimulates spermatogenesis
  • Stimulates primary and secondary sexual characteristics
  • Promotes growth of muscle and bone
A

Testosterone

(produced by interstitial cells)

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17
Q

inhibits release of follicle-stimulating hormone (stimulates spermatogenesis) by anterior pituitary and therefore indirectly decreases sperm production

A

Inhibin

(produced by sustentacular cells)

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18
Q

Structure of spermatozoa: consists of

A
  • head (covered by acrosome)
  • neck
  • midpiece
  • tail
19
Q

The head of the spermatozoa contains a highly compact package of …..?

A

genetic chromatin

20
Q

The ____________ contains enzymes that assist the sperm in breaking through the cervical mucus and the ovum

A

acrosome

21
Q

The midpiece contains____________

A

** mitochondria**

22
Q

Structure and location of what?

  • Single tightly coiled tube enclosed in fibrous casing (Figure 31-9)
  • Lies along top and side of each testis
  • Anatomical divisions include head, body, and tail
A

Epididymis

23
Q

Functions of what?

  • Duct through which sperm pass and mature (1-3 weeks)
  • Secretions become part of seminal fluid
  • Sperm become capable of motility while they are passing through this
A

Epididymis

24
Q

Structure and location of what?

  • Tube, extension of epididymis
  • Extends through inguinal canal, into abdominal cavity, over top and down posterior surface of bladder
  • Has a thick mm wall that helps to propel sperm
  • Enlarged terminal portion called ampulla joins the duct of the seminal vesicle
A

Vas deferens (ductus deferens)

(Figures 31-10 and 31-11)

25
Q

Function of what?

  • Excretory duct for seminal fluid
  • Connects epididymis with the ejaculatory duct
A

Vas deferens (ductus deferens)

(Figures 31-10 and 31-11)

26
Q

Vasectomy is referring to

A

Vas deferens

27
Q
  • Formed by union of vas deferens with duct from seminal vesicle
  • Passes through prostate gland, terminating in urethra
A

Ejaculatory duct (Figure 31-12)

28
Q

Serves both the reproductive and the urinary systems

A

Urethra

29
Q

Structure and location of what?

convoluted pouches 5 to 7 cm long on posterior surface of bladder

A

Seminal vesicles (Figure 31-13)

30
Q

Function of what?

secrete the viscous, nutrient-rich part of seminal fluid (60% of semen volume) which provides the sperm with energy and helps adjust the pH of the vagina

A

Seminal vesicles (Figure 31-13)

31
Q

Structure and location of what?

  • Doughnut shaped
  • Encircles urethra just below bladder
A

Prostate gland (Figure 31-14)

32
Q

Function of what?

adds slightly acidic, watery, milky-looking secretion to seminal fluid (30% of semen volume) which provides nutrients and enzymes for the sperm

A

Prostate gland (Figure 31-14)

33
Q

Structure and location of what?

  • Small, pea-shaped structures with approximately 2.5-cm long (1 inch) ducts leading into urethra
  • Lie below prostate gland
A

Bulbourethral glands

34
Q

Function of what?

secrete alkaline fluid that is part of semen (5% of semen volume) which again helps to adjust the vaginal pH

A

Bulbourethral glands

35
Q
  • Skin-covered pouch suspended from perineal region into which the testes descend near the time of birth (Figure 31-11)
  • Divided into two compartments
  • Contains testis, epididymis, and lower part of a spermatic cord
  • Dartos and cremaster muscles elevate the scrotal pouch
A

Scrotum

36
Q

Structure of what?

composed of three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue, one of which contains urethra

A

Penis (Figure 31-14)

37
Q

Functions of what?

this contains the urethra, the terminal duct for both urinary and reproductive tracts; during sexual arousal, it becomes erect, serving as a penetrating organ during sexual intercourse

A

Penis (Figure 31-14)

38
Q
  • Fibrous cylinders located in inguinal canals
  • Enclose seminal ducts, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
A

Spermatic cords (internal)

39
Q

COMPOSITION AND COURSE OF SEMINAL FLUID

A
  • Consists of secretions from testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands
  • Each milliliter contains millions of sperm
  • Spermatozoa Pathway: Passes from Seminiferous tubule of the testes epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra
40
Q

COMPOSITION AND COURSE OF SEMINAL FLUID Consists of secretions from?

A
  • testes,
  • epididymides,
  • seminal vesicles,
  • prostate,
  • bulbourethral glands
41
Q

Passes from Seminiferous tubule of the testes epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra

A

Spermatozoa Pathway

42
Q
  • Relates to many factors: number, size, shape, and motility of sperm
  • Infertility may be caused by antibodies some men make against their own sperm
  • For Males this begins at puberty and extends into old age (Figure 31-15)
A

MALE FERTILITY

43
Q

CYCLE OF LIFE: MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A
  • Reproductive functions begin at time of puberty
  • Development of organs begins before birth; immature testes descend into scrotum before or shortly after birth (Figure 31-16)
  • Puberty: high levels of hormones stimulate final stages of development
  • System operates to permit reproduction until advanced old age
  • Late adulthood: gradual decline in hormone production may decrease sexual appetite and fertility

BIOLOGY 2ND SEMESTER (21 decks)

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