Chapter 31- Fungi

Question 1

____ species of fungi

Answer 1

1.5M

Question 2

Fungi important roles (3)

Answer 2

decomposing dead organisms, fallen leaves
feces

Question 3

Human use of fungi (3)

Answer 3

dugs
bread/food

wine beer fermentation

Question 4

Opisthikonts clade

Answer 4

includes fungi, animals, and Protista releatives

Question 5

Most common body structures are

Answer 5

multiceulliar fialaments and single cells ( yeasts)

Question 6

Fungal bodies form networks of tiny filaments called

Answer 6

hyphae

Question 7

hyphae have a tubular cell strengthen with _____

Answer 7

chitin, a structural polymer

Question 8

Hypae are divide into cells by cross-walls or

Answer 8

septa

Question 9

ack septa; they have hundreds or
thousands of nuclei in a continuous cytoplasmic mass

Answer 9

Coenocytic fungi

Question 10

Fungal hyphae form an interwoven mass called a _______

Answer 10

mycelium

Question 11

are specialized hyphae that
penetrate plant cell walls,
but not the cell membrane
Specialized Hyphae in Mycorrhizal Fungi

Answer 11

arbuscules

Question 12

Fungi are ___ that feed by ______

Answer 12

heterotrophs, absorption

Question 13

Decomposers role

Answer 13

break down and absorb nutrients from
nonliving organic material

Question 14

Parasitic fungi

Answer 14

absorb nutrients from living hosts

Question 15

Mutualistic fungi

Answer 15

absorb nutrients from hosts and
reciprocate with actions that benefit the host

Question 16

ungi propagate themselves by producing vast
numbers of spores, either

Answer 16

sexually or asexually

Question 17

Fungal nuclei and spores are usually

Answer 17

haploid

Question 18

Fungi use sex signaling molecules called _______ to communicate their mating type

Answer 18

pheremones

Question 19

Plasmogamy

Answer 19

the union of cytoplasm from two parent
mycelia

Question 20

A mycelium that contains coexisting, genetically different
nuclei is called a

Answer 20

heterokaryon

Question 21

he haploid nuclei pair off two to a cell; such a
mycelium is said to be

Answer 21

dikaryotic

Question 22

Hours, days, or even centuries may pass before the nuclei
fuse, a process called

Answer 22

karyogamy

Question 23

When the haploid nuclei fuse, a diploid cell, such as a ____ is made

Answer 23

zygote

Question 24

Molds produce

Answer 24

haploid spores
asexually by mitosis, and form
visible, “furry” mycelia

Question 25

Yeasts and filamentous fungi that have no known sexual stage form a group called

Answer 25

dueteromyctes

Question 26

mycorrhizae (“fungus roots”

Answer 26

Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots are called

Question 27

2 types of mycorrhizal fungi

Answer 27

Ectomycorrhizal fungi Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Question 28

Ectomycorrhizal fungi

Answer 28

form sheaths of hyphae over the root surface and extend into the extracellular spaces of the root cortex

Question 29

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Answer 29

xtend arbuscules through the root cell wall and into tubes formed by invagination of the root cell plasma membrane

Question 30

Mycorrhizal fungi colonize soils by the dispersal of haploid cells called

Answer 30

spores

Question 31

Phylogeny of Fungi

Answer 31

CMC ZMA

Question 32

Cryptomycetes species

Answer 32

30

Question 33

cryptomycyetes found in

Answer 33

soils, marine and freshwater habitats

Question 34

Both

Answer 34

aerobic and aerobic species

Question 35

Cryptomycetes def are (2)

Answer 35

unicellular flagellated spores

Question 36

Microsporidians species

Answer 36

1300

Question 37

Microsporidians example

Answer 37

Nosema ceranae, parasite of honeybees

Question 38

Microsporidians can synthesize

Answer 38

a chitin-rich cell wall

Question 39

Microsporidian characteristics (3)

Answer 39

1) highly reduced mitochondria 2) small genomes 3) spores that infect host cells

Question 40

Microsporidia def

Answer 40

parasitic cells that form resistant spores

Question 41

Chytrids species

Answer 41

1000

Question 42

Chytrids found in

Answer 42

lakes, soil, marine

Question 43

Nearly all chytrids have _______ , called _____

Answer 43

flagellated spores, zoospores

Question 44

Chytrids def

Answer 44

flagellated spores

Question 45

Zoopagomycota species

Answer 45

900

Question 46

Zoo. form

Answer 46

filamentous hyphae

Question 47

Zoo reproduce

Answer 47

asexually

Question 48

Zoopagomycota def

Answer 48

resistant zygospornagium as sexual stage

Question 49

Mucuromycota species

Answer 49

750

Question 50

Molds in this mucuromycota include important

Answer 50

decomposes

Question 51

is the mold responsible for breaking down bread

Answer 51

Rhizopus Stolonifer

Question 52

Fusion between mycelia of different mating types produces a

Answer 52

zygospornagium

Question 53

Nuclei fusion (karyogamy) and then meiosis occur within the

Answer 53

zygosporangium

Question 54

Meiosis occurs and the zygosporangoum germinates into a

Answer 54

sporangium

Question 55

Ascomycetes species

Answer 55

90,000

Question 56

Ascomycetes reproduce asexually by enormous numbers of asexual spores called

Answer 56

conidia

Question 57

Ascomycota

Answer 57

sexual spores borne internally in sacs, vast number of asexual spores

Question 58

Basidiomycota def

Answer 58

elaborate fruiting containing basidia that produce sexual spores

Question 59

Basidiomycetes are important

Answer 59

decomposers of wood

Question 60

The mycelium can reproduce sexually by producing fruiting bodies called

Answer 60

basidiocarps

Question 61

Fungi interact with other organisms as (3)

Answer 61

decomposers, mutualists, and pathogens

Question 62

Fungi form mutualistic relationships with (4)

Answer 62

plants, algae, cyanobacteria, animals

Question 63

ome fungi share digestive services with animals, example

Answer 63

Bacteria that break down plant material in guts of cattle

Question 64

Lichens

Answer 64

are symbiotic associations between photosynthetic miroorangism and fungi

Question 65

About __ % of known fungal species are ___/_____

Answer 65

30, parasites or pathogens

Question 66

Fungi can be humanely used for

Answer 66

bread, wine, cheese, alcohol

Question 67

fungi medical value

Answer 67

Penicillium, produces penicillin, an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections