Chapter 22 Descent with Modification

Question 1

Shared characteristics among diff species illustrate the unity of ___

Answer 1

life

Question 2

Organisms are adapted for life in their ____ and ____ enviorments

Answer 2

biotic and abiotic

Question 3

Evolution defintion

Answer 3

process by which species accumulate differences from their ancestors over time as they adapt to diff environments

Question 4

Greek philopsher Aristotle belived what ?

Answer 4

Species were fixed ( unchanging)

Question 5

scala naturae did what

Answer 5

arranging species on a scale of increasing complexity

Question 6

Who else made a similar thing to scala naturae

Answer 6

Carolus Linneaus

Question 7

Darwin drew from the study of

Answer 7

fossils

Question 8

def of strata

Answer 8

layers of sedimentary rock

Question 9

Palentology

Answer 9

study of fossils

Question 10

palentology developed by

Answer 10

georges cuvier

Question 11

Cuvier observed that

Answer 11

older starta contained fossils less similar to current organisms

Question 12

Lamarcks 2 principles to explain evolutionary change

Answer 12

1) Use and dissuse
2) Inherited of acquired charatceristics

Question 13

Use and dissuse

Answer 13

body parts used more become larger and stronger. those not deteriorate

Question 14

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer 14

modifications acquired in one’s lifetime can be passed to offspring

Question 15

James Hutton

Answer 15

earth’s geologic features were formed gradually

Question 16

Charles Lyell

Answer 16

same geologic process operate today as in the past

Question 17

darwin studied ____ to ____

Answer 17

medicine to theology

Question 18

Human modify species through

Answer 18

artifical selection

Question 19

artifical selection examples

Answer 19

crops, livestock animals, pets

Question 20

art selection def

Answer 20

breeding only individuals with desired traits

Question 21

Adaptation def

Answer 21

inherited characteristics that enhance an organisms survival and reproduction in specific environments

Question 22

Natural Selection def

Answer 22

a process in which individuals with certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates because of those traits

Question 23

3 observations from origin of species

Answer 23

The unity of life
The diversity of life
The way organisms are suited to life in their environments

Question 24

Darwins 2 observations

Answer 24

Members of pop vary in their inheritated traits

All species can produce more offsprirng than the enviorment can support, which many fail to survive

1) inheritated traits
2) offspring

Question 25

2 Inferences

Answer 25

1) Those with inherited traits lead to increased survival and reproduction 2) The unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to the accumulation of favorable traits over generations

Question 26

4 types of data to document the pattern of evolution

Answer 26

Direct Observations Homology Fossil Record Biogeography

Question 27

Direct observation examples (2)

Answer 27

1) natural selection in response to introduced species 2) evolution of drug-resistant bacteria

Question 28

____ penicillin became first widely used antibiotic to treat bacterial infections

Answer 28

1943

Question 29

Homologus structures

Answer 29

anatomical resemblances that represent variations on a structural theme present

Question 30

Homologous structure example

Answer 30

same arrangement of bones, diff functions

Question 31

Convergent Evolution

Answer 31

evolution of analogous features in distantly related groups

Question 32

Anagolus traits arise through _______

Answer 32

independent adaptation to similar environments

Question 33

Biogeography def

Answer 33

the scientific study of the geographic distribution of species

Question 34

2 Obs, 2 inf

Answer 34

Individuals vary in traits organisms produce more offspring that env can support indiviudals more suited will leave more offspring favorable traits accumulate in the population