Chapter 31 Flashcards
How did the Eastern Bloc countries change?
Collapse led by Solidarity in Poland
All fell peacefully except Romania
What Eastern Bloc country responded with violent repression?
The Soviet leaders showed they were ready to use force in their invasion in 1968 of Czechoslovakia
Why was Poland different from other Eastern Bloc countries?
Independent agriculture and vigorous Catholic Church
What was Poland’s Solidarity Movement? Why was it crushed? Why did it revive?
1956- riots forced Soviets to back off from collectivization in Poland
How did the Czech leaders attempt reform in 1968?
NO
What was the 1975 Helsinki Agreement?
detente- progressive relaxation of cold war tensions
ignored previously by Brezhnev
How did the Helsinki Agreement change the ideas of the Soviet Union?
k
How did Gorbachev change the Soviet Union?
Realized the USSR was falling behind Western capitalism and technology
Attacks on alcoholism and bureaucratic corruption
Save the failing communist regime
Perestroika- Economic decentralization- (lift some price controls, legalizing cooperatives, more independence for state enterprises, legalization of private cooperatives)
Glasnost- encouraged limited criticism of the government
Democratization produced demands for independence by non-Russian minorities
Foreign affairs- withdrew troops from Afghanistan and aimed to end the arms race
What is the European Union?
k
What was the importance of the Maastricht treaty of 1991?
Made the EU and the Euro
