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AP Euro- 25-31 > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to imperialism?

A

Increased the gap between industrialized and non-industrialized (Third World- Asia, Africa, Latin America) countries

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2
Q

How did transport at land and sea change in the late 19th century?

A 
Steam power- sails 
- cut energy consumption
Steel (cheaper and lighter) replaced iron on ships 
Screw propellers
Low prices- train
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3
Q

Why did the British need to seek new markets?

A

Protective tariff barriers

Domestic industry promoted

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4
Q

How did the changes in transport affect Europe?

A

Open up new territories for production
New raw materials- jute, rubber, cotton, and coconut oil
Investment in modern port facilities
Better investments in communications- transoceanic telegraph
Foreign investments begin- 1840

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5
Q

Where was intercontinental trade enormously facilitated?

A

Suez and Panama Canal

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6
Q

Why was the decline of the Ottoman Empire an issue?

A

Created serious political and diplomatic tension between Russia and Austria

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7
Q

What ruled in China from 1839-1860?

A

Qing (Manchu) Dynasty

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8
Q

What was the war that opened up China?

A

Opium War

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9
Q

What did Japan gain when it was opened up?

A

Japanese military modeled along European lines
Borrow Western science and technology
Free, competitive, government stimulated economy
Hire western technology specialists

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10
Q

What does Mohammed Ali do?

A

Modernize army and government
Egypt
Hire Europeans
Break from the Ottoman Empire

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11
Q

What affect did Mohammed Ali reforms have on peasants?

A

Turn them into tenant farmers

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12
Q

Who is Ismail?

A 
Ali's grandson- Egypt
Continues modernization
Arabs become dominant over Turks within Egypt
French company builds the Suez Canal 
Cairo- boulevards
Exports
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13
Q

What was the issue with Ismail’s reforms?

A

Unable to pay off massive debts to European investors

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14
Q

How did Europe react to Egypt’s crisis?

A

Britain and France occupation- ensure debts are payed

Puppet government- khedive Tewfiq

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15
Q

Why was Egypt important?

A

New model

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16
Q

Who was the typical European migrant?

A

Young, unmarried rural peasant farmer or craftsmen

17
Q

What were Swallows?

A

Italian migrants

18
Q

When did Western Imperialism reach it’s high?

A

1880-1914

19
Q

What was the difference between the old imperialism and New Imperialism?

A

New- focused on political control, rather than economics

20
Q

What are some characteristics of New Imperialism?

A

Military Force
Political domination of the new colonies
Self-justifying ideology (Social Darwinism)
Use of the telegraph and the steamship to rapidly crush resistance

21
Q

Who was already in Africa before 1880?

A

Africa- French Algiers
British/Dutch in south
Portuguese in the west

22
Q

Who originally denounced imperialism?

A

Bismarck- but had to get in on it for balance of power

23
Q

What was the Berlin Conference?

A

1884-85
European claims on African territory had to be secured by effective occupation
Terms for the division of Africa
Scramble for Africa

24
Q

Which group had the greatest opportunities in India?

A

Upper-caste Hindus

25
Q

What were some causes of imperialism?

A
  1. Need new markets due to protective tariffs
  2. Seen as important for military bases and naval coaling stations
  3. National prestige
  4. Social Darwinism
  5. Dampen social tensions within their own countries
  6. Mission to civilize- “White Man’s Burden”- Kipling
26
Q

What did Hobson say about imperialism?

A

Only good for the rich- taxes for the ordinary people
Diverts attention from domestic issues
Did not pay off for the country as a whole

27
Q

What did Conrad think about European imperialism?

A

Racist and contrary to values

28
Q

Who were criticizers of imperialism?

A

Conrad, Hobson, V. I. Lenin, Labourchere

29
Q

What was the Sino-British war and how did it end?

A

China wants to stop British Opium sale
Treaty of Nanking-
-Give up Hong Kong
-Open up cities to merchants

30
Q

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

A

China

Rebellion of traditional Chinese patriots to expel British influences

AP Euro- 25-31 (7 decks)

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