Chapter 26 Flashcards
How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to imperialism?
Increased the gap between industrialized and non-industrialized (Third World- Asia, Africa, Latin America) countries
How did transport at land and sea change in the late 19th century?
Steam power- sails - cut energy consumption Steel (cheaper and lighter) replaced iron on ships Screw propellers Low prices- train
Why did the British need to seek new markets?
Protective tariff barriers
Domestic industry promoted
How did the changes in transport affect Europe?
Open up new territories for production
New raw materials- jute, rubber, cotton, and coconut oil
Investment in modern port facilities
Better investments in communications- transoceanic telegraph
Foreign investments begin- 1840
Where was intercontinental trade enormously facilitated?
Suez and Panama Canal
Why was the decline of the Ottoman Empire an issue?
Created serious political and diplomatic tension between Russia and Austria
What ruled in China from 1839-1860?
Qing (Manchu) Dynasty
What was the war that opened up China?
Opium War
What did Japan gain when it was opened up?
Japanese military modeled along European lines
Borrow Western science and technology
Free, competitive, government stimulated economy
Hire western technology specialists
What does Mohammed Ali do?
Modernize army and government
Egypt
Hire Europeans
Break from the Ottoman Empire
What affect did Mohammed Ali reforms have on peasants?
Turn them into tenant farmers
Who is Ismail?
Ali's grandson- Egypt Continues modernization Arabs become dominant over Turks within Egypt French company builds the Suez Canal Cairo- boulevards Exports
What was the issue with Ismail’s reforms?
Unable to pay off massive debts to European investors
How did Europe react to Egypt’s crisis?
Britain and France occupation- ensure debts are payed
Puppet government- khedive Tewfiq
Why was Egypt important?
New model
Who was the typical European migrant?
Young, unmarried rural peasant farmer or craftsmen
What were Swallows?
Italian migrants
When did Western Imperialism reach it’s high?
1880-1914
What was the difference between the old imperialism and New Imperialism?
New- focused on political control, rather than economics
What are some characteristics of New Imperialism?
Military Force
Political domination of the new colonies
Self-justifying ideology (Social Darwinism)
Use of the telegraph and the steamship to rapidly crush resistance
Who was already in Africa before 1880?
Africa- French Algiers
British/Dutch in south
Portuguese in the west
Who originally denounced imperialism?
Bismarck- but had to get in on it for balance of power
What was the Berlin Conference?
1884-85
European claims on African territory had to be secured by effective occupation
Terms for the division of Africa
Scramble for Africa
Which group had the greatest opportunities in India?
Upper-caste Hindus
What were some causes of imperialism?
- Need new markets due to protective tariffs
- Seen as important for military bases and naval coaling stations
- National prestige
- Social Darwinism
- Dampen social tensions within their own countries
- Mission to civilize- “White Man’s Burden”- Kipling
What did Hobson say about imperialism?
Only good for the rich- taxes for the ordinary people
Diverts attention from domestic issues
Did not pay off for the country as a whole
What did Conrad think about European imperialism?
Racist and contrary to values
Who were criticizers of imperialism?
Conrad, Hobson, V. I. Lenin, Labourchere
What was the Sino-British war and how did it end?
China wants to stop British Opium sale
Treaty of Nanking-
-Give up Hong Kong
-Open up cities to merchants
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
China
Rebellion of traditional Chinese patriots to expel British influences
