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BBG Grammar > Chapter 30 > Flashcards

Chapter 30 Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of perfect participle

A

formed from one of the perfect tense stems (active and middle/passive) and indicates a completed action with results continuing into the present (of the speaker, not reader)

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2
Q

General suggestion for translating perfect participle

A

‘after’ and past perfect form of verb (e.g. after having eaten) - ‘after’ is optional

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3
Q

Is the vocalic reduplication from the perfect form of verb retained in the perfect participle

A

yes

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4
Q

Why does the vocalic reduplication of the perfect remain when forming participles but not the augment of the aorist

A

a participle does not indicate past like the augment does and is therefore not needed, but vocalic reduplication is not the same thing and does not indicate past

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5
Q

If a verb has a first perfect indicative, what perfect stem is used in the formation of the perfect participle

A

the first perfect stem

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6
Q

Chart: First perfect active participle

A

reduplication + perfect tense stem + tense formative (k) + participle morpheme + case endings

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7
Q

What is the active participle morpheme for masculine and neuter of perfect participle

A

ot

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8
Q

What is the active participle morpheme for feminine of perfect participle

A

uia

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9
Q

Chart: First perfect middle/passive participle

A

reduplication + perfect tense stem + participle morpheme + case endings

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10
Q

What is the middle/passive participle morpheme

A

mevo/n

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11
Q

Is there a tense formative or connecting vowel in the formation of a first perfect middle/passive participle

A

no

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12
Q

What is the grammatical definition of an absolute construction

A

one that has no grammatical relationship to the rest of the sentence

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13
Q

What is a primary example of an absolute construction in greek

A

the genitive absolute

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14
Q

What is a genitive absolute

A

a noun or pronoun and a participle in the genitive that are not grammatically connected to the rest of the sentence

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15
Q

What is another way to describe a genitive absolute

A

there is no word elsewhere in the sentence that the participial phrase modifies

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16
Q

T or F: The genitive absolute participle is always anarthrous

A

true

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17
Q

T or F: majority of genitive absolutes use present participle, and many are some combination of autou and participle of lalew or leyw, or the participle yinomai

A

true

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18
Q

Helpful hint #1:

A

notice how autou functions as the subject of the participle

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19
Q

True or false; genitive absolute is used when the noun or pronoun doing the actoin of the participle is different from subject of the sentence

A

true

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20
Q

Helpful hint #2:

A

it is possible for the participle to have modifiers, such as direct object, adverb, etc

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21
Q

Helpful hint #3:

A

genitive absolute tends to occur at the beginning of a sentence in narrative material

22
Q

Can you translate the genitive absolute word for word?

A

no - it is idiomatic

23
Q

How to translate genitive absolute?

A

see what it says in Greek and then say same basic thing in English. Try to emphasize aspect of the participle

24
Q

T or F: Most genitive absolutes in the NT are temporal, and you will translate the genitive absolute as a temporal clause

A

true

25
Q

What word can be used in genitive absolute translation if the participle is present

A

while

26
Q

What word can be used in genitive absolute translation if the participle is aorist

A

after

27
Q

T or F: If there is a subject of the genitive, use it in translation of genitive absolute and perhaps the finite form of the verb

A

true

28
Q

What is one basic difference between English and Greek

A

Greek uses tense formatives instead of helping verbs like in English

29
Q

Characteristics of a periphrastic construction

A

consists of a form of eimi and a participle that are used instead of a finite verbal form

30
Q

Present Periphrastic Tense

A

present of eimi + present participle

31
Q

Imperfect Periphrastic Tense

A

imperfect of eimi + present participle

32
Q

Future Periphrastic Tense

A

future of eimi + present participle

33
Q

Perfect Periphrastic Tense

A

present of eimi + perfect participle

34
Q

Pluperfect Periphrastic Tense

A

imperfect of eimi + perfect participle

35
Q

Future Perfect Periphrastic Tense

A

future of eimi + perfect participle

36
Q

Way to translate present adverbial participles

A

while and because

37
Q

Way to translate aorist adverbial participle

A

after

38
Q

3 alternate ways to translate adverbial participle

A

instrumental participle, concessive participle, regular verb

39
Q

What does instrumental participle mean

A

they indicate the means by which an action occurred

40
Q

What key word can be used when translating instrumental participle

A

by

41
Q

What does concessive participle mean

A

they state a concessive idea

42
Q

What key word can be used when translating concessive participles

A

though

43
Q

What does it mean for an adverbial to be translated as a regular verb

A

in certain constructions where a participle accompanies a verb, the participle is best translated as a finite verb

44
Q

T or F: Some translations omit the participle when it is in the form of a regular verb

A

true (NIV says ‘Jesus answered’ instead of ‘But he answered and said’)

45
Q

Summary of the greek participle

A

it is a verbal adjective. Can function adverbially or adjectivally (attributive, substantive)

46
Q

Summary of the participle used adverbially

A

its form will agree with the noun or pronoun that is doing the action of the participle, normally the subject of the verb. It is always anarthrous

47
Q

Summary of the participle translated as a temporal clause

A

use ‘while’ or ‘after’ but can lso use key words ‘because’ by’, ‘though’, or can be translated as a finite verb

48
Q

Summary of the participle used attributively

A

agrees with the word it modifies in case, number, and gender, just like any adjective. It is usually articular

49
Q

Summary of the participle used substantivally

A

its case is determined by its function in the sentence. Its number and gender are determined by the word it refers to, just like a substantival adjective. You will most likely add words in translation based on natural gender.

50
Q

T or F: Because participle does not indicate absolute time, the aorist participle is not unaugmented.

A

true

51
Q

T or F: The perfect participle loses its vocalic reduplication.

A

false - it keeps it

BBG Grammar (13 decks)

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