Chapter 30 Flashcards
An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat.
Seed
Layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant.
Integument
A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte.
Ovule
In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall.
Pollen grain
The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization.
Pollination
An extinct seedless vascular plant that may be ancestral to seed plants.
Progymnosperms
Member of the largest gymnosperm phylum. Most are cone-bearing trees, such as pines and firs.
Conifers
A modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens.
Sepals
A modified leaf of a flowering plant. They are often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators.
Petals
In an angiosperm, the stalk portion of the stamen, the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.
Filament
The ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
Carpel
The sticky part of a flower’s carpel, which traps pollen grains.
Stigma
The stalk of a flower’s carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top.
Style
In flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop.
Ovary
A mature ovary of a flower. It protects dormant seeds and often aids in their dispersal.
Fruit
The female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure that typically has eight haploid nuclei.
Embryo Sac
In angiosperms, the transfer of pollen from an anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species.
Cross-pollination
A pore in the integument(s) of an ovule.
Micropyle
A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to form the zygote and endosperm.
Double Fertilization
A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo. Some species have one, others two.
Cotyledons
In angiosperms, a nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with two polar nuclei during double fertilization. It provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds.
Endosperm
Member of a clade consisting of flowering plants that have one embryonic seed leaf, or cotyledon.
Monocots
Member of a clade consisting of the vast majority of flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons.
Eudicot
Member of a clade of three early-diverging lineages of flowering plants. Examples are Amborella, water lilies, and star anise and its relatives.
Basal Angliosperms
Member of the angiosperm clade most closely related to eudicots. Extant examples are magnolias, laurels, and black pepper plants.
Magnoliids
