Chapter 29 Flashcards
An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen (H2) from various substrates to oxygen (O2), producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide (H202)
Perioxisome
An alignment of cytoskeletal elements and Golgi-derived vesicles that forms across the midline of a dividing plant cell.
Phragmoplast
A durable polymer that covers exposed zygotes of charophyte algae and forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out.
Sporopollenin
aIn organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis. The haploid gametes unite and develop into sporophytes.
Gametophyte
In organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes. It produces haploid spores by meiosis that develop into gametophytes.
Sporophyte
A plant cell that enhances the transfer of nutrients from parent to embryo.
Placental Transfer Cells
A multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop.
Sporangium
Multicellular plant structure in which gametes are formed. Females are called archegonia, and males are called antheridia.
Gametangium
Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and the buds of shoots. The dividing cells of this enable the plant to grow in length
Apical Meristems
A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation that prevents desiccation in terrestrial plants.
Cuticle
Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body.
Vascular Tissue
A plant with vascular tissue. They include all living plant species except mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Vascular Plant
An informal name for a moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants.
Bryophytes
An informal name for a member of the phylum Lycophyta, which includes club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts.
Lycophytes
An informal name for a member of the phylum Pterophyta, which includes ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns and their relatives.
Pterophytes
An informal name for a plant that has vascular tissue but lacks seeds. They form a phyletic group that includes the phyla Lycophyta (club mosses and their relatives) and Pterophyta (ferns and their relatives).
Seedless Vascular Plants
A group of organisms that share the same level of organizational complexity or share a key adaptation.
Grade
An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat.
Seed
A vascular plant that bears naked seeds–seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers.
Gymnosperms
A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.
Angiosperms
A small, herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Hepatophyta.
Liverworts
A mass of green ,branched, one-cell-thick filaments produced by germinating moss spores.
Protonema
A long, tubular single cell or filament of cells that anchors bryophytes to the ground. Unlike roots, they are not composed of tissues, lac specialized conducting cells, and do not play a primary role in water and mineral absorption.
Rhizoid
The portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells.
Foot
The elongated stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte.
Seta
The sporangium of a bryophyte (moss, liverwort, or hornwort).
Capsule
A ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures on the upper part of a moss capsule (sporangium), often specialized for gradual spore discharge.
Periostome
A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant.
Stoma
Vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Xylem
A long, tapered water-conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants. Functioning _______s are no longer living.
Tracheid
A hard material embedded in the cellulose matrix of vascular plant cell walls that provides structural support in terrestrial species.
Lignin
Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.
Phloem
An organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil.
Root
The main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants.
Leaf
In lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein.
Microphylls
A leaf with a highly branched vascular system, characteristic of the sat majority of vascular plants.
Megaphylls
A modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction.
Sporophylls
A cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll. They may be arranged in various patterns, such as parallel lines or dots, which are useful in fern identification.
Sorus
The technical term for a cluster of sporophylls known commonly as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants.
Strobilus
Referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte.
Homosporous
Referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores: microspores, which develop into male gametophytes, and megaspores, which develop into female gametophytes.
Heterosporous
A spore from a heterosporous plant species that developed into a female gametophyte.
Megaspores
A small, herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Anthocerophyta.
Hornwort
A small, herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Bryophyta.
Moss
