Chapter 30

Question 0

Arterial pressure (approx. ____ mmHg is ______ than venous pressure (approx. _____ mmHg)

Answer 0

100
More
40

Question 1

Blood flow from the left of the heart to the right

Answer 1

Aorta-> arteries -> arterioles-> capillaries-> venules -> veins -> venae cava

Question 2

Fluid always flows from areas of ______ pressure to areas of ______ pressure so blood flows from __________ to the _________ system.

Answer 2

Higher
Lower
Arterioles
Venous

Question 3

Flow rate

Answer 3

delta(P)/R

Question 4

Peripheral arterial disease is caused by ____________ __________ of the lumen of the arteries by atherosclerotic plaque build up.

Answer 4

Progressive narrowing

Question 5

If arteries are totally occluded, ______ and __________ (gangrene) develop and the ________ is no longer ________.

Answer 5

Necrosis
Ulceration
Extremity
Viable

Question 6

The 5 P’s of PAD:

Answer 6

Pulselessness, paralysis, peristesia, pain and pallor

Question 7

Heaviness and pain in legs after a short period of exertion that are _______ by _____.

Answer 7

Relieved

Rest

Question 8

__________ measures BP in the _______ and _____ extremities. The BP taken after a brief period of exercise in the pt and ________ show a drop in the _______ BP, indicating _________ and decreased perfusion.

Answer 8

ABI (Ankle-Brachial index)
Upper
Lower 
PAD 
Ankle 
Constriction

Question 9

Dopplar U/S to measure ______ of blood flow.

Answer 9

Velocity

Question 10

______ shows images of plaque in arteries.

Answer 10

MRI

Question 11

Pt will need lipid panel and CMP to assess ________ and nitrogenous waste.

Answer 11

Electrolytes

Question 12

_-_______ test to assess for fibrin degradation products.

Answer 12

D-dimer

Question 13

Blood work to assess for inflammatory markers and _________ to visualize blood flow through extremities.

Answer 13

Angiography

Question 14

Complications of PAD

Answer 14

Thromboembolism, CVA & MI

Necrosis, arterial ulcerations, gangrene and amputation.

Question 15

Medical care of PAD

Answer 15

Anticoagulants; pentoxifylline
Vasodilators and calcium channel blockers
Possible amputation.

Question 16

Hallmark sign of PAD is

Answer 16

Intermittent claudication

Question 17

Buerger’s disease (aka Thromboangitis Obliterans) is a disease of ____ _____ who _______.

Answer 17

Young men

Smoke

Question 18

“Your cigarettes or your _____” is often the choice.

Answer 18

Legs

Question 19

BD is a disease of recurrent __________ of the small and medium _____ of the legs that result in thrombus formation.

Answer 19

Inflammation

Arteries

Question 20

S/sx of BD

Answer 20

The 5 p’s; heaviness and pain after short periods of exertion relieved by rest
Legs will be purple red when dependent and show pallor when elevated. Smoking cessation is key!

Question 21

Raynaud ‘s disease is a disease of _______, and causes _________ and vasoconstriction ischemia of the tips of the ______, _______, hands, feet and toes when in contact with cold objects or temperatures.

Answer 21

Women
Vasospasm
Nose
Fingers

Question 22

_______ is followed by a period of ______ in RD

Answer 22

Ischemia

Rupture

Question 23

RD dx is made when ischemic attacks occur for __ or more years.

Answer 23

2

Question 24

Endothelin 1 and _______ may be causative agents and secondary RD is associated with autoimmune/collagen disorders and persons with occupations that involve _______ ______ like jack hammers.

Answer 24

Angiotensin

Laboratory tools

Question 25

Aortic aneurysm or _______ or ______ of the aorta due to atherosclerosis, ____, _____, smoking, trauma or congenital anomaly.

Answer 25

Bulging
Ballooning
Hypertension
COPD

Question 26

AA commonly found in the abdominal aorta and called ___

Answer 26

AAA

Question 27

Types of AA include: fusiform, saccular and _______. May be completely be symptomatic until it _______.

Answer 27

Dissecting

Ruptures

Question 28

S and sx of AA

Answer 28

Abdominal pain, nausea or fullness relieved by position change. Pulsating mass in the abdomen. Ascultate with a bell for a bruit adjacent to umbilicus. MRI shows an enlarged black mass. Aorta graphs showing outline of aortic abnormality.

Question 29

AA complications

Answer 29

Rupture, cardiac arrest, hemorrhage, shock and death.