Chapter 30 Flashcards
Arterial pressure (approx. ____ mmHg is ______ than venous pressure (approx. _____ mmHg)
100
More
40
Blood flow from the left of the heart to the right
Aorta-> arteries -> arterioles-> capillaries-> venules -> veins -> venae cava
Fluid always flows from areas of ______ pressure to areas of ______ pressure so blood flows from __________ to the _________ system.
Higher
Lower
Arterioles
Venous
Flow rate
delta(P)/R
Peripheral arterial disease is caused by ____________ __________ of the lumen of the arteries by atherosclerotic plaque build up.
Progressive narrowing
If arteries are totally occluded, ______ and __________ (gangrene) develop and the ________ is no longer ________.
Necrosis
Ulceration
Extremity
Viable
The 5 P’s of PAD:
Pulselessness, paralysis, peristesia, pain and pallor
Heaviness and pain in legs after a short period of exertion that are _______ by _____.
Relieved
Rest
__________ measures BP in the _______ and _____ extremities. The BP taken after a brief period of exercise in the pt and ________ show a drop in the _______ BP, indicating _________ and decreased perfusion.
ABI (Ankle-Brachial index) Upper Lower PAD Ankle Constriction
Dopplar U/S to measure ______ of blood flow.
Velocity
______ shows images of plaque in arteries.
MRI
Pt will need lipid panel and CMP to assess ________ and nitrogenous waste.
Electrolytes
_-_______ test to assess for fibrin degradation products.
D-dimer
Blood work to assess for inflammatory markers and _________ to visualize blood flow through extremities.
Angiography
Complications of PAD
Thromboembolism, CVA & MI
Necrosis, arterial ulcerations, gangrene and amputation.
Medical care of PAD
Anticoagulants; pentoxifylline
Vasodilators and calcium channel blockers
Possible amputation.
Hallmark sign of PAD is
Intermittent claudication
Buerger’s disease (aka Thromboangitis Obliterans) is a disease of ____ _____ who _______.
Young men
Smoke
“Your cigarettes or your _____” is often the choice.
Legs
BD is a disease of recurrent __________ of the small and medium _____ of the legs that result in thrombus formation.
Inflammation
Arteries
S/sx of BD
The 5 p’s; heaviness and pain after short periods of exertion relieved by rest
Legs will be purple red when dependent and show pallor when elevated. Smoking cessation is key!
Raynaud ‘s disease is a disease of _______, and causes _________ and vasoconstriction ischemia of the tips of the ______, _______, hands, feet and toes when in contact with cold objects or temperatures.
Women
Vasospasm
Nose
Fingers
_______ is followed by a period of ______ in RD
Ischemia
Rupture
RD dx is made when ischemic attacks occur for __ or more years.
2
Endothelin 1 and _______ may be causative agents and secondary RD is associated with autoimmune/collagen disorders and persons with occupations that involve _______ ______ like jack hammers.
Angiotensin
Laboratory tools
Aortic aneurysm or _______ or ______ of the aorta due to atherosclerosis, ____, _____, smoking, trauma or congenital anomaly.
Bulging
Ballooning
Hypertension
COPD
AA commonly found in the abdominal aorta and called ___
AAA
Types of AA include: fusiform, saccular and _______. May be completely be symptomatic until it _______.
Dissecting
Ruptures
S and sx of AA
Abdominal pain, nausea or fullness relieved by position change. Pulsating mass in the abdomen. Ascultate with a bell for a bruit adjacent to umbilicus. MRI shows an enlarged black mass. Aorta graphs showing outline of aortic abnormality.
AA complications
Rupture, cardiac arrest, hemorrhage, shock and death.
