Chapter 30 Flashcards
What species make up the majority of plant species?
Seed plants
What are the 2 major groups of plants?
Gymnosperms and angiosperms
What are gymnosperms?
Naked seeds, cone
What are angiosperms
Flowers
Are the gametophytes reduced?
Yes
What does reduced mean?
Heteromorphic (Occuring as different types)
What does pollen do?
Protects male gametophytes
What do gametophytes do?
Make gametes
What do ovules do?
Make female gametophytes
Are seedless plants self-fertilizing?
Not necessarily
What are the seed layers, outside to inside?
Seed coat, food supply, embryo
What are some adaptations of Seed plants? How do these help?
Seeds/pollen (Protect against drying and UV rays)
What are some derived traits for seed plants (ADD MORE DETAIL!)
Reduced gametophytes, heterospory (Differences in spores by sex), ovules, pollen and seeds
What do microspores give rise to?
Male gametophytes
What do megaspores give rise to?
Female gametophytes
Ovules are __-
Integument (Clarity)
Megasporangium are (diploid/haploid)
Diploid
Megaspores are (diploid/haploid)
Haploid
What dominates moss life cycles?
Gametophytes
Are moss sporangium diploid or haploid?
Diploid
Do ferns and seedless plants have reduced gametophytes?
Yes
What dominates fern/seedless plant life cycles?
Sporangium
Are gametophytes for ferns, seedless plants, and seedless vascular plants (diploid/haploid)
haploid
Are sporangium for ferns, seedless plants, and seedless vascular plants (diploid/haploid)
Diploid
How does pollen fertilize an ovule?
Pollen grain goes through micropyle, then the female gamete develops a pollen tube that ______________
How does the seed germinate?
Ovule develops into a seed with an embryo, food supply, and protective coat
What are some characteristics of gymnosperms?
Naked seeks, cone bearing
What are some examples of gymnosperms?
Conifers (Pines, firs, redwoods)
How do gymnosperms reproduce?
They make small pollen cones and large ovulate cones (usually on the same tree)
How old are the oldest gymnosperm fossils?
~305 million years old
What role did gymnospems play? Where did they live?
Dry climate, food for giant herbivorous dinosaurs, pollinated by insects >100 mya
Where are pollen grains made?
The stamen
Where does fertilization happen?
The ovule
Why are fruits important?
They protect seeds and aid in dispersal?
What are some characteristics and examples of fruits?
Can be dry or fleshy, include beans, nuts, and grains
When did angiosperms evolve?
Early cretaceous (~140 mya)
How may have flowering plants become dominant?
Plant pollinator interactions
How many embryos do monocots have?
1
How many embryos do eudicots have?
2
What type of venation do monocots have?
Paralell
What type of venation do eudicots have?
netlike
What type of stem do eudicots have?
Ringed vascular tissue
What type of stem do monocots have?
Scattered vascular tissue
What type of roots do eudicots have?
Main root
What type of roots do monocots have?
No main root
What type of pollen grains do monocots have?
One opening
What type of pollen grains do eudicots have?
3 openings
What type of flowers do monocots have?
Multiples of 3
What type of flowers do eudicots have?
Multiples of 4 or 5
