Chapter 29

Question 1

What did plants evolve from?

Answer 1

Algae

Question 2

When did plants evolve?

Answer 2

~470 million years ago

Question 3

When did plants colonize land?

Answer 3

~425 million years ago

Question 4

What structures allowed plants to live on land?

Answer 4

Reproductive structures, photosynthetic branches, structures anchoring plants to soil

Question 5

What are the 3 types of plants (with examples)?

Answer 5

Nonvascular (mosses), seedless vascular (ferns), seeds (cone bearing and flowering

Question 6

Are most plant species terrestrial or aquatic?

Answer 6

Terrestrial

Question 7

What are the closest living relatives to plants?

Answer 7

Charophytes

Question 8

What are the advantages of living on land over being in water?

Answer 8

Greater access to sunlight, better micronutrient/CO2 availability

Question 9

What are some evolutionary challenges of living on land?

Answer 9

Water retention, lack of structural support against gravity

Question 10

What are derived characteristics?

Answer 10

Characteristics that are in a group that aren’t in the group it came from (Group A evolved from group B, A has certain characteristics that B doesn’t)

Question 11

Where are walled spores made?

Answer 11

Sporangia

Question 12

What type of gametes do gametophytes make(diploid/haploid)? How do they do it?

Answer 12

Haploid, mitosis

Question 12

What are apical meristems?

Answer 12

Structures that enable cell division at roots and shoot tips that let them grow toward resources

Question 13

How many haploid gametes does it take to make a diploid zygote?

Answer 13

2

Question 14

What do plant zygotes develop into?

Answer 14

Multicellular diploid sporophyte

Question 15

What do sporophytes make? How?

Answer 15

Unicellular haploid spore, meiosis

Question 16

What do spores develop into?

Answer 16

Multicellular haploid gametophytesW

Question 17

LOOK AT STEPS FOR ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS

Question 18

What are some traits of a multicellular dependent embryo?

Answer 18

Parental investment and care (?), coat that provides sugars and amino acids, placental tissue that transfers nutrients(?)

Question 19

How are plant species distinguished?

Answer 19

Presence of vascular tissue, seeds, flowers, and fruit

Question 20

How many plant phyla are there?

Answer 20

10

Question 21

What are the nonvascular phyla?

Answer 21

Bryophytes, liverwortss

Question 22

What are the vascular phyla?(cheCK)

Answer 22

Monilophytes, gymnosperms

Question 23

What are the seed phyla? (cheCK)

Answer 23

Angiosperms, gymnosperms

Question 24

When did vascular plants evolve?

Answer 24

~425 mya

Question 25

When did plants first evolve?

Answer 25

~470 mya

Question 26

When did seeded plants first evolve?

Answer 26

~360 myo

Question 27

What are the bryophytes?

Answer 27

Mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Question 28

What are moss life cycles dominated by?

Answer 28

Gametophytes

Question 28

What are the seedless vascular plants?

Answer 28

Ferns, club mosses, horsetails

Question 28

How do gametophyte lifespans and size compare to sporophyte?

Answer 28

Live longer, larger

Question 29

How are gametophytes dispersed?

Answer 29

WindH

Question 30

ow hardy are gametophytes?

Answer 30

Very

Question 31

Where is peat moss? Why is it important?

Answer 31

Bogs, major carbon storage (burning releases a LOT of CO2)

Question 32

Where are seedless vascular plants reproducing?

Answer 32

Damp environment

Question 33

What phase is most noticeable for seedless vascular plants?

Answer 33

Sporophyte

Question 34

What lets seedless vascular plants grow taller?

Answer 34

Cascular tissue

Question 35

What is xylem? What does it do?

Answer 35

Vascular tissue, lets it grow taller

Question 36

What is phloem? What does it do?

Answer 36

Transports sugar, amino acids

Question 37

What are the 2 types of spores?

Answer 37

Homo/heterosporous

Question 38

What periods did seedless vascular plants evolve?

Answer 38

Devonian, carboniferous