Chapter 29 Flashcards
What did plants evolve from?
Algae
When did plants evolve?
~470 million years ago
When did plants colonize land?
~425 million years ago
What structures allowed plants to live on land?
Reproductive structures, photosynthetic branches, structures anchoring plants to soil
What are the 3 types of plants (with examples)?
Nonvascular (mosses), seedless vascular (ferns), seeds (cone bearing and flowering
Are most plant species terrestrial or aquatic?
Terrestrial
What are the closest living relatives to plants?
Charophytes
What are the advantages of living on land over being in water?
Greater access to sunlight, better micronutrient/CO2 availability
What are some evolutionary challenges of living on land?
Water retention, lack of structural support against gravity
What are derived characteristics?
Characteristics that are in a group that aren’t in the group it came from (Group A evolved from group B, A has certain characteristics that B doesn’t)
Where are walled spores made?
Sporangia
What type of gametes do gametophytes make(diploid/haploid)? How do they do it?
Haploid, mitosis
What are apical meristems?
Structures that enable cell division at roots and shoot tips that let them grow toward resources
How many haploid gametes does it take to make a diploid zygote?
2
What do plant zygotes develop into?
Multicellular diploid sporophyte
What do sporophytes make? How?
Unicellular haploid spore, meiosis
What do spores develop into?
Multicellular haploid gametophytesW
LOOK AT STEPS FOR ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS
What are some traits of a multicellular dependent embryo?
Parental investment and care (?), coat that provides sugars and amino acids, placental tissue that transfers nutrients(?)
How are plant species distinguished?
Presence of vascular tissue, seeds, flowers, and fruit
How many plant phyla are there?
10
What are the nonvascular phyla?
Bryophytes, liverwortss
What are the vascular phyla?(cheCK)
Monilophytes, gymnosperms
What are the seed phyla? (cheCK)
Angiosperms, gymnosperms
When did vascular plants evolve?
~425 mya
When did plants first evolve?
~470 mya
When did seeded plants first evolve?
~360 myo
What are the bryophytes?
Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
What are moss life cycles dominated by?
Gametophytes
What are the seedless vascular plants?
Ferns, club mosses, horsetails
How do gametophyte lifespans and size compare to sporophyte?
Live longer, larger
How are gametophytes dispersed?
WindH
ow hardy are gametophytes?
Very
Where is peat moss? Why is it important?
Bogs, major carbon storage (burning releases a LOT of CO2)
Where are seedless vascular plants reproducing?
Damp environment
What phase is most noticeable for seedless vascular plants?
Sporophyte
What lets seedless vascular plants grow taller?
Cascular tissue
What is xylem? What does it do?
Vascular tissue, lets it grow taller
What is phloem? What does it do?
Transports sugar, amino acids
What are the 2 types of spores?
Homo/heterosporous
What periods did seedless vascular plants evolve?
Devonian, carboniferous
