Chapter 3 (World Religions) Flashcards
The earliest known Jewish people/Hebrews existed from around when?
2000 B.C.
The Hebrew people believed that the land of ______, was a land promised by God for them.
Canaan.
What is the Torah?
Technically, they refer to the first five books of Judaism, but are usually used to describe all of the Jewish texts.
Who was Abraham?
Born in Ur, 1800BC
Creates a covenant, or a promise with god that if he leaves his house god would provide him with a nation.
He was the first one to begin teaching people that there is only one god, monotheism, until then, polytheism was the main belief.
Why was Abraham asked to sacrifice his son Isaac?
In order to prove his loyalty to God.
What are some examples of Jewish dietary rules, also known as “Kashrut” or “Kosher”.
Jewish people cannot eat.
- Shellfish
- Pork
- Mixing meat with milk
What is Chanukah?
Chanukah is one of the more important Jewish holidays.
- Eight day Festival,
- Celebrating Jewish victory over the Greeks,
- One candle is lit each day, in many nations people receive one present each day,
- The date is close to Christmas.
Why did the Jewish people want to leave Egypt?
Although they were originally accepted at first, the Egyptian people enslaved the Jewish people.
Under Moses’s leadership the Jewish people would leave the land to return to Caanan in the 1300-1200 B. C.
What happens at Mount Sinai?
At Mount Sinai, Moses prays and speaks to god. There he receives two stone tablets, which have written the “Ten Commandments”.
What are the Ten Commandments?
1 I am the lord, your God, you shall not have other gods besides me,
A set of 10 basic rules given from god to Moses at Mount Sinai.
Examples include;
What made Canaan a difficult place to live?
- Water was not plentiful,
- Rocky wilderness,
- Many deserts.
Who was the first King of Israel?
Saul (filled by David).
Among the three Kings of the Kingdom of Israel (Saul, David, Solomon). Which one was the most powerful? Why?
King Solomon.
He built many temples in Jerusalem, and his own royal place near these temples.
What led towards the North and South divide of the Kingdom of Israel? What was the south renamed upon the split.
When King Solomon built various temples and a grand palace, he strained the Kingdoms finances. Furthermore, he used many men for labor, which caused a rift between the south and the north.
Following his deaht the Kingdom would split into two, north=Israel, south=Judah.
Where does the word Judaism come from?
The land of the southern part of the former Kingdom of Israel, Judah.
What is the difference between Judah and Judea?
They are the same thing.
Judea is the Roman way of saying Judah.
What is the relationship between the Assyrians and the Israelis?
The Assyrians demanded tributes (money in exchange for peace) from the Israeli. The Israelis paid hoping to maintain peace, but despite the tributes the Assyrians would go on to conquer Israel in 722 B.C. Judah would resist for 100+ years, eventually falling in 570 B.C.
Who took over the Assyrians territory?
The Babylonians.
Who was Cyrus the Great?
A Persian King.
He is a hero among the Hebrews, because he allowed them to temporarily go back to Jerusalem to rebuild temples when he was in charge.
What were the Jewish Roman Wars?
A series of battles and failed revolts that took place between 66-135 A. D.
It ends with one million Jewish deaths, 100,000 enslaved, the destruction of Jewish temples and the scattering of Jewish populations across Europe.
The Jewish people for thousands of years would go on to be ostracized and persecuted in various prats of the world.
What is Great Britain’s significance in terms of their role in who controls Jerusalem?
The British took over Jerusalem in 1918 when the Ottoman Empire fell.
When they were controlling the territory they begun to allow 100,000s of Jewish people to come into Jerusalem (which was not possible during Ottoman rule).
What was the 1947 UN Partition plan?
The idea of creating two independent states. One for the Arabs the other for Jewish people.
The Jewish people accepted this proposal, but the Arabs resisted. This led towards a civil war.
What was the Arab-Israeli War?
The War took place between 1948-49 with the Israelis being victorious.
Originally, there was a UN partition plan in 1947. However, after this war Israel ended up controlling 50% more land than they would have with the partition plan.
What happens between the Israelis and Arabs in 1967?
The Six-Day War (easy to remember, six days long).
The Egyptians and several Arab states attack Israel. Israel fights back with support from Western nation and ends up gaining more land than they originally had.
What is the current state of the Israel-Palestine issue?
Fighting continues today.
The Palestinian government led by Hamas continues to bombard Israel with missiles. At the same time Israel continues to set embargoes, and set harsh water restrictions against Palestinians.
The issue remains controversial.
The nation with 41.4% Jewish population, the highest in the world is?
United States of America (about 2% of the population).
*2nd highest is Israel with over 30%.
Where did Christianity begin?
In Judea (or Judah).
Why did Romans find Christianity and the preachings of Jesus so dangerous?
The Romans were Pagan, they believed in polytheism, and the concept of monotheism was completely alien and threatening to them.
Who was Jesus Christ?
- Jesus was born into a Jewish family,
- Began to teach a new type of Judaism, the “new covenant”,
- He was preaching that he could die for everyones sins,
- Eventually those who followed Jesus Christ everywhere he went was formed. They were known as the Disciples (there were 12 of them),
- He died at the cross,
- He was resurrected 3 days later,
- He is considered as the prophet for Christianity.
What is the historical significance of the piece of art, The Final Supper?
The piece portrays the final meal Jesus Christ has with his disciples.
In this meal Judas who is going to betray Jesus does not have any eye contact with him.
In this meal it is said that Jesus states, “ “Truly, I say to you, one of you will betray me, one who is eating with me.”
What are some disagreements in regards to the crucification of Jesus Christ?
1. Disagreement whether or not Jesus knew he was going to be crucified.
2. Disagreement over his final words .
- Disagreement over whether the Romans successfully crucified Jesus. Muslims believe they accidentally crucified someone else.
How many days after his death was Jesus resurrected?
Three days.
