Chapter 3 - Why were the colonists victorious in the war? Flashcards
Why did poor British leadership help the colonists win the war? [1]
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- Poor leadership allowed many generals to overextend their forces and lose battles such as Saratoga. [1]
When did the Battle of Monmouth take place? [1]
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28th June 1777 [1]
Describe the events of the Battle of Monmouth. [4]
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- General Clinton moves to New York with 10,000 men. [1]
- Americans attempt to attack the rearguard of the British at Monmouth. [1]
- The attack failed; Washington blamed General Charles Lee. [1]
- General Lee was court-martialed and removed. [1]
Why did Clinton’s caution in mounting a major offensive benefit Washington? [2]
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- This allowed Washington to gather more forces and equipment. [1]
- This was another lost opportunity from Britain to attack. [1]
What was the main problem that Washington suffered from in the period of 1779-1781? [1]
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- A substantial lack of troops/equipment. [1]
Give an example where Washington lacked troops in his army. [2]
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- Winter of 1799-80 [1]
- Army reduced to 8000, 1/3 not fit for duty. [1]
Describe the events of Benedict Arnold’s betrayal of America. [4]
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- Benedict plotted to turn over the fort of West Point to Britain. [1]
- Clinton’s partner, Major Andre, was caught with evidence, and killed. [1]
- Arnold escaped to fight for Britain. [1]
- This showed a crumbling of the American ideal. [1]
Describe the events of the Pennslyvania and New Jersey Line mutiny, and the date which it occured. [5]
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- January 1781 [1]
- Lack of food, clothing, and pay caused the mutiny. [1]
- Troops refused to return to service unless these were given. [1]
- This encouraged the New Jersey Line to mutiny. [1]
- This mutiny was crushed by Washington. [1]
Why did Britain launch a campaign in the Southern colonies in 1778? [1]
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- There were reported to be large numbers of loyalists in. [1]
Describe the events of the expedition in Georgia, organised by Clinton. [4]
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- 3000 men sent under Colonel Campbell to Georgia. [1]
- Campbell captures Savannah, taking 500 American prisoners. [1]
- Campbell treated the Georgians well, in return they joined loyalist militias. [1]
- Campbell won the Battle of Briar Creek, inflicting 400 casualties. [1]
Why was Britain’s position in Georgia unstable? [2]
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- (Sep 1779) - A Franco-American force attempted to siege Savannah. [1]
- The siege failed, inflicting 1500 casualties. [1]
Describe the events of the expedition in the Carolinas. [3]
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- Cornwallis sieged Charleston with 7600 men. [1]
- Took 5000 prisoners, and 6000 muskets. [1]
- Many South Carolinians took an oath of alleigance as a result. [1]
Describe the events leading up to the invasion of North Carolina by Cornwallis. [4]
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- General Gates was defeated at the Battle of Camden (16th August 1780) [1]
- He sustained over 1800 casualties. [1]
- However, a loyalist force of 1000 was defeated a King’s Mountain. [1]
- This forced Cornwallis to abandon his invasion of North Carolina. [1]
Which General took command of Continental forces in the South in 1780? [1]
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General Nathanael Greene. [1]
Why did General Greene want to split his forces? [2]
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- He wanted to deploy a hit and run strategy. [1]
- e.g. He sent 700 men to probe British defences in South Carolina. [1]
