Chapter 3 - Why did hostility between the colonists and the British lead to the outbreak of fighting and the move towards independence 1774-76? Flashcards
Who was General Gage? [2]
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- Served in the Seven Years War [1]
- Authorized the expedition to Concord. [1]
Where and when did General Gage send troops to destroy munitions? [2]
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Salem, Massachusetts [1]
February 1775 [1]
Why was the resistance of General Gage’s men at Salem significant? [1]
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America was now also willing to openly resist British soldiers on duty. [1]
When did the Battle of Lexington and Concord occur? [1]
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18th April 1775 [1]
State the number of soldiers, the Colonel in charge, and purpose of Lexington and Concord [3]
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Soldiers - 700 men. [1]
Colonel Smith. [1]
Purpose - Seize rebel arms and arrest leaders of the Provincial Congress. [1]
How did the Massachusetts militia know that Gage had sent men to their position? [2]
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Paul Revere had informed the militia [1], as he was part of the Boston Committee of Safety. [1]
In order, describe the events that occured during the Battle of Lexington and Concord. [3]
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19th April - Path barred by 70 minutemen. 8 colonists killed. [1]
Smith’s troops ambushed at Concord. Lord Percy reinforces Smith at Lexington. [1]
Forces continue to retreat back to Boston. [1]
How many casualties did Britain sustain in the Battle of Lexington and Concord, compared to the militias? [2]
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British - 273 casualties. [1]
Militias - 92 casualties [1]
When did the Battle of Bunker Hill occur? [1]
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17th June 1775 [1]
Describe the events of Bunker Hill [3]
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General Howe launched a frontal assault on Breed’s Hill with 2500 men [1] and the rebels managed to inflict heavy losses [1] but were soon overrun due to a lack of ammunition. [1]
State the number of rebel casualties in the Battle of Bunker Hill. [2]
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138 killed [1]
276 wounded [1]
State the number of British casualties in the Battle of Bunker Hill. [3]
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226 killed [1]
800 wounded [1]
1/8 of British officers killed. [1]
Which quote stated from General Gage represents the strength of the rebel army? [1]
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“The rebels are not the despicable rabble too many have supposed them to be” [1]
What was the importance of Bunker Hill in relation to increasing hostilities? [3]
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- Heavy losses at Bunker Hill made reconciliation harder. [1]
- Montgomery gained confidence to launch an invasion of Canada on the 31st December. [1]
- Bunker Hill was seen as the unofficial start of the War of Independence. [1]
What was the role of Paul Revere before and during the War of Independence? [2]
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- (Before) - Produced propaganda to incriminate the British (e.g. Boston Massacre 1770) [1]
- (After) - Warned the patriots of British advance onto Concord on the 18th April 1774. [1]
Describe 3 reasons why there was a high chance of Britain regaining control over America? [3]
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- Britain had an army of over 48,000 men. [1]
- The Continental army was not secure, as many fighters deserted or left after their contracts ended. [1]
- There were large numbers of loyalists and Native Americans opposing the war. [1]
Describe the role of the “minutemen” and their role at Lexington. [4]
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- Younger colonists ready to take action “at a minute’s notice” [1]
- Organised in companies of 50 [1]
- Elected their own officers.
- 4000 minutemen resisted the British at Lexington. [1]
