Chapter 1 - (Why Were the British Successful in the Wars With France in 1740-63?)

Question 1

Describe the changes that William Pitt made to help British victory [2]

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Answer 1

He was aware of the importance of gaining colonist support. [1]
He was aware of the need of Britain to interact more with the colonies militarily [1]

Question 2

State 3 of William Pitt’s military policies which helped the British in America [3]

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Answer 2

He introduced a global strategy to defeat France in America and the Carribbean. [1]
He sent 25,000 troops to support colonists in America, along with Lord Amherst and Wolfe [1]
He developed a three-pronged strategy to attack Louisberg and Quebec [1]

Question 3

State 1 of William Pitt’s domestic policies which caused British Success in America [1]

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Answer 3

He passed the Militia Act (1757) which recruited local militias to defend Britain [1]

Question 4

State 2 of William Pitt’s colonial policies which helped the British in America [2]

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Answer 4

He ensured that colonial officers held the same merit as British officers [1]
He ensured that colonies were reimbursed for their expenses [1]

Question 5

Explain how deploying more troops to America helped British success [3]

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Answer 5

This meant that there was more support from experienced British troops. [1] This also showed that Britain cared about the colonies [1], which meant that colonial morale was boosted, therefore the colonies fought harder against the French. [1]

Question 6

Explain why reimbursing colonies for their expenses caused a British success [2]

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Answer 6

Reimbursing the colonies meant that colonies had more money to spend on the military, [1] and it also restored colonial enthusiasm for the war, as colonies felt safe with British support. [1]

Question 7

Explain why passing the Militia Act was key for British Success [2]

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Answer 7

This meant that there were forces ready to defend Britain in case France invaded [1], therefore more troops could be sent to America, therefore there was more forces avaliable to attack. [1]

Question 8

Why was the passing of the Militia Act a potential weakness for Britain? [2]

Answer 8

The forces defending were underequipped and inexperienced, [1] therefore France could’ve launched an invasion, which would sacrifice all British success. [1]

Question 9

State 3 reasons why naval superiority had contributed to British success [3]

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Answer 9

Naval blockades were carried out, which reduced food imports to French forces [1]
Amphibious operations were used to attack Quiberon Bay, which was effective [1]
A fleet of 18,000 sailors with 100 ships provided strong support to infantry invading. [1]

Question 10

Explain how naval blockades had contributed to British success [4]

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Answer 10

Food imports were prevented from reaching French forces, so they would begin to starve, [1] therefore morale would decrease, so they would be less effective while fighting the British [1].

A lack of French resources meant that Native Americans turned to the British for resources, [1] therefore Britain strengthen relations with the Native Americans [1]

Question 11

Explain how having a large fleet contributed to British success [3]

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Answer 11

With 18,000 sailors and 100 ships, this meant that Britain dominated the St Lawrence river. [1] This meant that invading forces were supported by a dominant navy during the Battle of Quebec in 1759, [1] and French reinforcements were prevented from retaking Quebec, due to a blockade [1]

Question 12

Describe why naval superiority may have not been a factor which caused British success [2]

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Answer 12

The Treaty of Aix-La-Chappelle in 1748 caused a reduction in the British navy [1], therefore British naval dominance was reduced, which made it harder to control the seas. [1]

Question 13

State 2 ways in which the Native Americans contributed to British success [2]

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Answer 13

Native Americans acted as reinforcements in a British assault [1]
Native Americans knew the land well, therefore attacks on French positions could be coordinated better. [1]

Question 14

Explain why Native Americans knowing the land well contributed to British success [2]

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Answer 14

This meant that attacks could be concentrated and coordinated better, [1] so British attacks were more effective, leading to them taking more French territory. [1]

Question 15

Explain why having Native American reinforcements contributed to British success [3]

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Answer 15

The French were terrified of Native Americans due to their style of guerrilla fighting [1], with methods such as Scalping. This meant that French forces under attack from Native Americans would not fight effectively [1], therefore British forces could easily win more battles [1]

Question 16

State how colonists were key in the British success in war with France [2]

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Answer 16

Colonists were able to build large amounts of roads and forts for British troops [1]
More than half of the 45,000 troops in America were colonial volunteers [1]

Question 17

Explain how the colonial volunteers contributed to British success [2]

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Answer 17

Colonial volunteers showed that enthusiasm towards the war increased, as colonies felt the war was a shared endeavour with Britain. [1] This meant that colonies were loyal to Britain and would fight hard for Britain [1]