Chapter 3 - Water

Question 1

Hydro

Answer 1

= Water

Question 2

-philos

Answer 2

= loving

Question 3

-phobic

Answer 3

= fearing

Question 4

Acid

Answer 4

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

Question 5

Adhesion

Answer 5

The attraction between different kinds of molecules.

Question 6

Aqueous Solution

Answer 6

A solution in which water is the solvent.

Question 7

Base

Answer 7

A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

Question 8

Cohesion

Answer 8

The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds.

Question 9

Evaporative Cooling

Answer 9

The property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state.

Question 10

Heat

Answer 10

The total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter.

Question 11

Heat of Vaporization

Answer 11

The quantity of heat a liquid much absorb for 1 gram of it to be converted from the liquid to gaseous state.

Question 12

Hydrogen Ion

Answer 12

A single proton with a charge of +1. The dissociation of a water molecule leads to the generation of a hydroxide(OH-) and a hydrogen(H+) ion.

Question 13

Hydrophilic

Answer 13

Having an affinity for water.

Question 14

Hydrophobic

Answer 14

Having an aversion to water.

Question 15

Hydroxide Ion

Answer 15

A water molecules that has lost a proton.

Question 16

Kinetic Energy

Answer 16

The energy of motion.

Question 17

pH

Answer 17

A measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

Ranges from 0-14.

Question 18

Solute

Answer 18

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Question 19

Solution

Answer 19

A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Question 20

Solvent

Answer 20

The dissolving agent of a solution.

Question 21

Specific Heat

Answer 21

The amount of heat that much be absorbed or lost of 1 gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1 degree C.

Question 22

Temperature

Answer 22

A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees.

Question 23

Water Structure

Answer 23

H2O

Polar Covalent Bonds. Allows hydrogen bonds to form between water molecules.

Question 24

H Bonds and Water

Answer 24

• Cohesion(like molecules attract due to H Bonds)
• Adhesion(unlike molecules attract due to H Bonds)
• Specific Heat(very high due to H Bonds)
• Heat of Vaporization(high due to H Bonds)

Question 25

Frozen Water

Answer 25

Ice.

Less dense than liquid water because H Bonds in ice are fixed into place and space the water molecules further apart.

Question 26

Solution/Solvent/Aqueous Solution

Answer 26

Solution: A homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances(solvent/solute).

Solvent: The majority part of a solution.

Solute: Things dissolved in a solvent.

Aqueous Solution: Solvent that is water.

Question 27

Hydrophobic Substances

Answer 27

Repelled by water.

Contain non-polar bonds.

Question 28

Hydrophilic Substances

Answer 28

Attracted by water.

Contain polar bonds or are ionic compounds.

Question 29

Water and pH

Answer 29

Hydrogen Cation(H+) and Hydroxide Anions(OH-)

pH is the measure of how many H+ are in a substance.

H+ are high in acids and low in bases.

Question 30

pH Scale

Answer 30

0-14. 7 is neutral.

0-7 is Acidic.
7-14 is Basic.

Question 31

pH Formula

Answer 31

pH = -log[H+]

[H+] X [OH-] = 1 X 10^-14