Chapter 2 - Chemistry Flashcards
An
= not
Co
= together
Electro
= electricity
Iso
= equal
Neutr
= neither
Pro
= before
Anion
Negatively charged ion(gained an electron).
Atom
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
Atomic Mass
The total mass of an atom, which is the mass in grams of one mole of the atom.
Atomic Nucleus
An atoms central core.
Protons+neutrons.
Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom. Unique for each element and designated by a subscript to the left of the element symbol.
Cation
Ion with a positive charge(loss of an electron).
Chemical Bond
Attraction between two atoms resulting in the sharing of outer shell electrons(covalent bond) or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms(ionic bond).
Bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells.
Compound
A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
Covalent Bond
Type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.
Electron
Subatomic particle with a single negative charge. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.
Electron Shell
An energy level represented as the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom.
Electronegativity
The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond.
Element
Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance.
Energy
The capacity to do work.
The move matter against an opposing force.
Hydrogen Bond
Weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.
Ion
At atom that has gained or lost electrons, thus acquiring a charge.
Ionic Bond
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Ionic Compound
A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond.
Called a salt.
Isotope
One of several atomic forms of an element, each containing a different number of neutrons and thus a differing atomic mass.
Mass Number
Sum of the protons+neutrons in an atoms nucleus.
Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass.
Molecular Formula
A type of molecular notation indicating only the quantity of the constituent atoms.
Molecule
Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
Neutron
An electrically neutral article found in the nucleus of an atom.
Non-polar Covalent Bond
covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity.
Orbital
The tree-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time.
Polar Covalent Bond
Covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. Shared atoms are pulled closer to the more electronegative atoms making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.
Potential Energy
Energy stored by matter as a result of its location of spacial arrangement.
Proton
Subatomic particle with a single positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom.
Radioactive Isotope
An isotope that is unstable; the nucleus decays spontaneously giving off detectable particles and energy.
Salt
A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond; also called an ionic compound.
Structural Formula
Type of molecular notation in which the constituent atoms are joined by lines representing covalent bonds.
Trace Elements
An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts.
Valence
The bonding capacity of an atom, generally equal to the number of unpaired electrons in the atoms outermost shell.
Valence electron
An electron in the outermost electron shell.
Valence Shell
The outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in chemical reactions of that atom.
Matter Properties
Anything that takes up space and has mass.
- comprised of elements which may be individual or combined in various rations to form compounds or molecules
Living organism composition
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.
92 naturally occurring elements.
Valence Number
The number of unpaired electrons and determines how many bonds an atom can form with other atoms.
Inert Elements
Have complete valence shells and do not interact with other atoms(like noble gasses).
Molecular VS Structural formulas
Molecular - show which elements and how many are found in a molecule.
Structural - shows additionally the physical arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Hydrogen bond
Transient bonds formed between polar molecules due to slight positive and negative charges caused by polar covalent bonds within the molecules.
