Chapter 2 - Chemistry

Question 1

An

Answer 1

= not

Question 2

Co

Answer 2

= together

Question 3

Electro

Answer 3

= electricity

Question 4

Iso

Answer 4

= equal

Question 5

Neutr

Answer 5

= neither

Question 6

Pro

Answer 6

= before

Question 7

Anion

Answer 7

Negatively charged ion(gained an electron).

Question 8

Atom

Answer 8

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.

Question 9

Atomic Mass

Answer 9

The total mass of an atom, which is the mass in grams of one mole of the atom.

Question 10

Atomic Nucleus

Answer 10

An atoms central core.

Protons+neutrons.

Question 11

Atomic Number

Answer 11

Number of protons in an atom. Unique for each element and designated by a subscript to the left of the element symbol.

Question 12

Cation

Answer 12

Ion with a positive charge(loss of an electron).

Question 13

Chemical Bond

Answer 13

Attraction between two atoms resulting in the sharing of outer shell electrons(covalent bond) or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms(ionic bond).

Bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells.

Question 14

Compound

Answer 14

A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.

Question 15

Covalent Bond

Answer 15

Type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.

Question 16

Electron

Answer 16

Subatomic particle with a single negative charge. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.

Question 17

Electron Shell

Answer 17

An energy level represented as the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom.

Question 18

Electronegativity

Answer 18

The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond.

Question 19

Element

Answer 19

Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance.

Question 20

Energy

Answer 20

The capacity to do work.

The move matter against an opposing force.

Question 21

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 21

Weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.

Question 22

Ion

Answer 22

At atom that has gained or lost electrons, thus acquiring a charge.

Question 23

Ionic Bond

Answer 23

A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 24

Ionic Compound

Answer 24

A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond.

Called a salt.

Question 25

Isotope

Answer 25

One of several atomic forms of an element, each containing a different number of neutrons and thus a differing atomic mass.

Question 26

Mass Number

Answer 26

Sum of the protons+neutrons in an atoms nucleus.

Question 27

Matter

Answer 27

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

Question 28

Molecular Formula

Answer 28

A type of molecular notation indicating only the quantity of the constituent atoms.

Question 29

Molecule

Answer 29

Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Question 30

Neutron

Answer 30

An electrically neutral article found in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 31

Non-polar Covalent Bond

Answer 31

covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity.

Question 32

Orbital

Answer 32

The tree-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time.

Question 33

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 33

Covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. Shared atoms are pulled closer to the more electronegative atoms making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.

Question 34

Potential Energy

Answer 34

Energy stored by matter as a result of its location of spacial arrangement.

Question 35

Proton

Answer 35

Subatomic particle with a single positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 36

Radioactive Isotope

Answer 36

An isotope that is unstable; the nucleus decays spontaneously giving off detectable particles and energy.

Question 37

Salt

Answer 37

A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond; also called an ionic compound.

Question 38

Structural Formula

Answer 38

Type of molecular notation in which the constituent atoms are joined by lines representing covalent bonds.

Question 39

Trace Elements

Answer 39

An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts.

Question 40

Valence

Answer 40

The bonding capacity of an atom, generally equal to the number of unpaired electrons in the atoms outermost shell.

Question 41

Valence electron

Answer 41

An electron in the outermost electron shell.

Question 42

Valence Shell

Answer 42

The outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in chemical reactions of that atom.

Question 43

Matter Properties

Answer 43

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

• comprised of elements which may be individual or combined in various rations to form compounds or molecules

Question 44

Living organism composition

Answer 44

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.

92 naturally occurring elements.

Question 45

Valence Number

Answer 45

The number of unpaired electrons and determines how many bonds an atom can form with other atoms.

Question 46

Inert Elements

Answer 46

Have complete valence shells and do not interact with other atoms(like noble gasses).

Question 47

Molecular VS Structural formulas

Answer 47

Molecular - show which elements and how many are found in a molecule.

Structural - shows additionally the physical arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Question 48

Hydrogen bond

Answer 48

Transient bonds formed between polar molecules due to slight positive and negative charges caused by polar covalent bonds within the molecules.