Ch 4 - Functional Groups

Question 1

Hydroxyl

Answer 1

C-OH

• Alcohols: organic compounds w/ -OH
• Polar so soluble in water

Question 2

Carbonyl

Answer 2

C=O

• Aldehyde: if at end of a carbon skeleton
• Ketone: if in the middle(end in -one like acetone)

Question 3

Carboxyl

Answer 3

• COOH

- Carboxylic Acids or organic acids

Question 4

Amino

Answer 4

C-NH2

• Amines: have this functional group
• Amino Acids(monomers of proteins) have both amino group AND carboxyl group

Question 5

Sulfhydryl

Answer 5

C-SH

• Sulfur can form 2 covalent bonds(valence of 6)
• Thiols: organic compounds containing sulfhydryls
• Stabilizes structure of proteins - disulfide bridges

Question 6

Phosphate

Answer 6

PO4(one double bond)

• typically has charge due to loss of H+
• important role in energy transfer(ATP), phosphilipid structure and nucleotides

Question 7

Methyl

Answer 7

CH3