Ch 4 - Carbon Flashcards
Enanti-
= opposite
Carb-
= Coal
Sulf-
= Sulfur
Thio-
Sulfur
Amino Group
A functional group that consist of a nitrogen atom bond to two hydrogen atoms.
[-NH2]
Asymmetric Carbon
Carbon atom covalently bonded with four atoms or groups, no two of which are alike.
Carbonyl Group
A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.
[-C=O]
Carboxyl Group
A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atoms and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
[-COOH]
Cis
Arrangement of two non-carbon atoms, each bound to one of the carbons in a carbon-carbon double bond, where the two non-carbon atoms are on the same side relative to the double bond.
Enantiomer
One of two molecules that are mirror images of each other.
Functional Group
A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
Geometric Isomer
One of several organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms around a double bond.
Hydrocarbon
An organic molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen.
Hydroxyl Group
A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atoms joined to an oxygen atoms by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
[-OH]
Isomers
One of several organic molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties.
Organic Chemistry
The study of carbon or organic compounds.
Phosphate Group
A functional group important in energy transfer which contains a phosphorus atom bonded to carbon and 4 oxygen atoms.
Structural Isomer
One of several organic molecules that have the same molecular formula but differ in the convalent branching arrangements of their atoms.
Sulfhydryl Group
A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
[-SH]
Thiol
An organic compound which contains a sulfhydryl group.
Trans
Arrangement of two non-carbon atoms, each bound to one of the carbons in a carbon-carbon double bond, where the two non-carbon atoms are on the opposite side relative to the double bond.
Carbon and Organic Molecules
Organic molecules have carbon as the predominant element.
Carbon Bond #
forms 4 bonds.
Allows it to create many versatile molecules of varying lengths, position of double bonds and ring structures.
C and H,N,O
Commonly bonds with:
H - capable of 1 bond
N - capable of 3 bonds
O - capable of 2 bonds
Hydrocarbon Polarity
entirely made up of C and H.
Hydrophobic due to non-polar bonds between the C and H atoms.
Isomer Interaction
Molecules with the same molecular formulas(same elements/quantities/molecular weight) but differ structural formulas and thus different chemical behavior and properties.
Structural Isomer Difference
Differ in the carbon chain branching pattern.
Geometric Isomer Differences
Differ in the arrangement around a double bond.
Cis Isomer - atom grouping on the same side of the double bond
Trans Isomers - atom groupings on the opposite side of the double bond.
Enantiomers Properties
Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
Contain an asymmetric carbon that is bound to 4 different bonding partners.
Function Group Properties
Common collections of atoms that give particular Characteristics to molecules that possess them.
Methyl
[-CH3]
Functional group: Can alter the activity of other molecules such as DNA.
Hydroxyl
[C-OH]
Functional group: Present in alcohols and make molecules hydrophilic.
Carbonyls
[C=O]
Functional group: Can be bonded to a carbon at the end of a carbon chain(aldehyde) or in the middle of the chain(ketone).
Carboxyl
[-COOH]
Functional group: A carbon is bonded to both a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group. Organic acids possess carboxyls.
Amino
[C-NH2]
Functional group: Amines possess aminos. All amino acids have an amino group and a carboxyl group.
Sulfhydryl
[C-SH]
Functional group: Thiols possess sulhydryls. Important in certain internal bonds in proteins that have the amino acid Cysteine that contains a sulfhdryl.
Phosphate
[PO4]
Functional Group: Contains phosphorus and is frequently ionized. Important in energy storage and is component of DNA and parts of our cell membranes.
Carbon and valence shell
2SP3 hybrid orbital.
1 in 2S and 3 in 2P = 4 total bonds capable of being made.
