Ch 4 - Carbon

Question 1

Enanti-

Answer 1

= opposite

Question 2

Carb-

Answer 2

= Coal

Question 3

Sulf-

Answer 3

= Sulfur

Question 4

Thio-

Answer 4

Sulfur

Question 5

Amino Group

Answer 5

A functional group that consist of a nitrogen atom bond to two hydrogen atoms.

[-NH2]

Question 6

Asymmetric Carbon

Answer 6

Carbon atom covalently bonded with four atoms or groups, no two of which are alike.

Question 7

Carbonyl Group

Answer 7

A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.

[-C=O]

Question 8

Carboxyl Group

Answer 8

A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atoms and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.

[-COOH]

Question 9

Cis

Answer 9

Arrangement of two non-carbon atoms, each bound to one of the carbons in a carbon-carbon double bond, where the two non-carbon atoms are on the same side relative to the double bond.

Question 10

Enantiomer

Answer 10

One of two molecules that are mirror images of each other.

Question 11

Functional Group

Answer 11

A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.

Question 12

Geometric Isomer

Answer 12

One of several organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms around a double bond.

Question 13

Hydrocarbon

Answer 13

An organic molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen.

Question 14

Hydroxyl Group

Answer 14

A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atoms joined to an oxygen atoms by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.

[-OH]

Question 15

Isomers

Answer 15

One of several organic molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties.

Question 16

Organic Chemistry

Answer 16

The study of carbon or organic compounds.

Question 17

Phosphate Group

Answer 17

A functional group important in energy transfer which contains a phosphorus atom bonded to carbon and 4 oxygen atoms.

Question 18

Structural Isomer

Answer 18

One of several organic molecules that have the same molecular formula but differ in the convalent branching arrangements of their atoms.

Question 19

Sulfhydryl Group

Answer 19

A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.

[-SH]

Question 20

Thiol

Answer 20

An organic compound which contains a sulfhydryl group.

Question 21

Trans

Answer 21

Arrangement of two non-carbon atoms, each bound to one of the carbons in a carbon-carbon double bond, where the two non-carbon atoms are on the opposite side relative to the double bond.

Question 22

Carbon and Organic Molecules

Answer 22

Organic molecules have carbon as the predominant element.

Question 23

Carbon Bond #

Answer 23

forms 4 bonds.

Allows it to create many versatile molecules of varying lengths, position of double bonds and ring structures.

Question 24

C and H,N,O

Answer 24

Commonly bonds with:

H - capable of 1 bond
N - capable of 3 bonds
O - capable of 2 bonds

Question 25

Hydrocarbon Polarity

Answer 25

entirely made up of C and H.

Hydrophobic due to non-polar bonds between the C and H atoms.

Question 26

Isomer Interaction

Answer 26

Molecules with the same molecular formulas(same elements/quantities/molecular weight) but differ structural formulas and thus different chemical behavior and properties.

Question 27

Structural Isomer Difference

Answer 27

Differ in the carbon chain branching pattern.

Question 28

Geometric Isomer Differences

Answer 28

Differ in the arrangement around a double bond.

Cis Isomer - atom grouping on the same side of the double bond

Trans Isomers - atom groupings on the opposite side of the double bond.

Question 29

Enantiomers Properties

Answer 29

Molecules that are mirror images of each other.

Contain an asymmetric carbon that is bound to 4 different bonding partners.

Question 30

Function Group Properties

Answer 30

Common collections of atoms that give particular Characteristics to molecules that possess them.

Question 31

Methyl

Answer 31

[-CH3]

Functional group: Can alter the activity of other molecules such as DNA.

Question 32

Hydroxyl

Answer 32

[C-OH]

Functional group: Present in alcohols and make molecules hydrophilic.

Question 33

Carbonyls

Answer 33

[C=O]

Functional group: Can be bonded to a carbon at the end of a carbon chain(aldehyde) or in the middle of the chain(ketone).

Question 34

Carboxyl

Answer 34

[-COOH]

Functional group: A carbon is bonded to both a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group. Organic acids possess carboxyls.

Question 35

Amino

Answer 35

[C-NH2]

Functional group: Amines possess aminos. All amino acids have an amino group and a carboxyl group.

Question 36

Sulfhydryl

Answer 36

[C-SH]

Functional group: Thiols possess sulhydryls. Important in certain internal bonds in proteins that have the amino acid Cysteine that contains a sulfhdryl.

Question 37

Phosphate

Answer 37

[PO4]

Functional Group: Contains phosphorus and is frequently ionized. Important in energy storage and is component of DNA and parts of our cell membranes.

Question 38

Carbon and valence shell

Answer 38

2SP3 hybrid orbital.

1 in 2S and 3 in 2P = 4 total bonds capable of being made.