Chapter 3 - Vocal Production Flashcards
the four major elements in vocal production
1) breath and sound, 2) pitch, 3) resonance, and 4) articulation
the production of sound begins with the
breathing process
diaphragm
a muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity
when __________ the diaphragm needs to move down and out as the air fills up the lungs
inhaling
trachea
the tube that carries air (windpipe)
larynx
‘voice box’, contains vocal chords
vocal chords
2 elastic folds with a slit between them
as air moves through this slit, the chords vibrate to produce sound
not all speech sounds depend on the ________ of the vocal chords
vibration
pitch
the highness and lowness of sound
tension can affect the length of the vocal chords, and therefore the
pitch
pharynx
the muscular sac between the mouth and the esophagus
resonators
the back part of the throat, the mouth, and the nasal cavities that acts as hollow chambers
the sound of the human voice is affected by the ______ of the resonating chambers and by the tongue, lips, and jaw
size
articulators
the tongue, teeth, jaw, hard and soft palate, and lips
careful, accurate articulation is
easier for listeners to follow
vocal quality refers to the
sound of your voice
effective speech begins with good
vocal production
hearing is
the act of receiving sound
listening is
the four step process of receiving, interpreting, evaluating, and responding to messages
Receiving
The first step of the listening process that involves hearing and seeing
Once you have received a message, you have to ________ what you just heard (__________________________)
Interpret
2nd step in listening process
Evaluating
You have to connect the message to your ideas or feelings about the subject of the message
(3rd step of listening process)
Almost all messages require some sort of
Response
Thought speed
The extra time listeners gain because they can process words faster than speakers can produce them
4 types of listening
Informational, empathic, critical, and creative
Informational listening
Involves listening to information such as directions, explanations, or news
Critical listening
Examining an informative or a persuasive message and making decisions about your findings
Critical listening involved separating _____ from _________ and checking out the ________ of a message
Fact from opinion
Source
Creative listening
Using your imagination as you interpret a message (also called recreational listening
Empathic listening
Involves listening to another’s feelings
3 major barriers to listening
External, speaker, and listener barriers
External barriers
Situations in the environment that keep you from paying careful attention to the speaker
Speaker barrier
Characteristics of the speaker that interfere with listening
Things that turn off an audience
Appearance, manner of speaking, narrow-mindedness, prejudiced
Listeners need to believe that the speaker knows
The subject well
Listener barriers
Personal attitudes or behaviors that interfere with listening
3 things that can interfere with listening
Thoughts, feelings, physical conditions
_________ __________ may keep you from really hearing what another person has to say
Personal beliefs
__________ _______ can cause barriers to good listening
Sensitive topics
Many people would rather
Talk than listen
Communication breaks down when
Barriers go up and one or both persons stop trying to reach each other
