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ANATOMY 240 🧬 > Chapter 3: Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four tissue categories?

A
  1. Epithelial tissue-Covering
  2. Connective tissue-Support
  3. Muscular tissue-Movement
  4. Neural tissue-Control
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2
Q

Epithelial Tissue Characteristics

  1. What is Cellularity?
  2. What is Polarity?
A
  1. Cellularity is when cells are tightly packed together.
    - There is no intercellular space( no space in between and they are avascular-without blood vessels)
  2. Polarity is when there are two different sides to the cell and they both look different
    - An exposed apical(top) surface
    - An attached basal(bottom) surface
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3
Q

Specialization of Epithelial Cells

  1. Microvilli
  2. Cilia
A

1.For absorption and secretion
Found on the apical(top) surface of cells of the urinary and digestive tracts

  1. Cilia moves substances over the apical(top) surface
    (Long hair like projections)
    There is fluid on the top of the cell that moves and create a current
    It is found lining the respiratory tract
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4
Q

Classification of Epithelia
What does it mean if an epithelia is?

  1. Simple
  2. Stratified
A
  1. Simple epithelium has only one layer of cells

2. Stratified epithelium has two or more layers of cells

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue cells
What does it mean if an epithelial tissue cell is?

  1. Squamous
  2. Cuboidal
  3. Columnar
A
  1. Thin flat cells/”squished” nuclei
  2. Cube shaped cells/centered, round nucleus (boxy)
  3. Longer than they are wide/nucleus near the base(tall)
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6
Q

What is simple squamous epithelium?

  1. What
  2. Location
  3. Function
A
  1. It is one layer of flat delicate cells
  2. Alveoli (microscopic air sacs) of the lungs
  3. Passage of material by diffusion (allows for things to pass through)
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7
Q

What is stratified squamous epithelium?

  1. What
  2. Location
  3. Function

What are the two types?

A
  1. It is a multiple layer flat cell - (thickest epithelium tissue)
  2. Surface of skin that interacts with the outside world
  3. It protects against abrasion , pathogens, chemicals

*Keratinized = Contains tough protein keratin; located in the epidermis (surface) of the skin

  • Non-keratinized = Forms moist lining of body openings. Places where you can have wear and tear
    ie) Inside of the mouth, vaginal canal, anus
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8
Q

What is simple cuboidal epithelium?

  1. What
  2. Location
  3. Function
A
  1. One layer of boxy cell
  2. Thyroid gland
  3. Secretion-production and release of a useful substance by a gland or cell
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9
Q

What is simple columnar epithelium?

  1. What
  2. Location
  3. Function
A
  1. It is one layer of tall (long) cells
  2. Lining stomach, intestines, gallbladder
  3. Absorption-  the process by which the products of digestion are absorbed by the blood to be supplied to the rest of the body.
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10
Q

What is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

  1. What
  2. Location
  3. Function
A
  1. A fake many layers looking cell (it’s one day of cells but looks like many layers)
  2. Nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi
  3. Protection, secretion
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11
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

  1. What
  2. Location
  3. Function
A
  1. It consist of many layers
    Consist of a combination of cuboidal and “oddly” shaped cells
  2. Urinary bladder(when we have to pee, it stretches and then goes back to its normal size once we pee) , renal pelvis, ureters
  3. Ability to stretch extensively
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12
Q

Glandular (glands) epithelia

What are the two types?

A

Exocrine - secretions travel through ducts

Endocrine- secretions(called hormones) enter into the blood without ducts

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13
Q

Gland Structure
1.Unicellular

2.Multicellular

A

1.secretes mucins
Goblet cells- produce the mucin which is a protein

2.secrete serous and/or mucous secretions

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14
Q

Connective Tissues
-they are not packed together(isn’t cellularity) spread far apart

What is the Matrix?

A

The matrix is the space in between the cells which can have protein and other substances
The things that fill the matrix, will give us the different properties of that tissue

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15
Q

Classification of connective tissue

  1. Connective tissue proper
  2. Fluid connective tissue
  3. Supporting connective tissue
A
  1. Has a matrix of fibers (loose fibers and dense fibers)
  2. Has a matrix of liquid (blood and lymph)
  3. Has a matrix consistent of a gel or a solid (cartilage and bone)
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16
Q

Connective tissue proper

What are the three types of fibers associated with this tissue?

A 
Collagen fibers (strong)
Reticular fibers (weak/soft)
Elastic fibers (stretch/recoil)
17
Q

Connective tissue Proper

  1. Loose fibers?
  2. Dense fibers?
A

1.Areolar Tissue
Adipose Tissue
Reticular tissue

  1. Dense Regular
    Dense Irregular
    Elastic
18
Q

Areolar tissue (details)

A

Location-It is located under epithelium (deep dermis). Because it has blood vessels it leaks up into the epithelial tissue getting nutrients to it. Between muscles, around blood vessels, around nerves
“It is the bubble wrap of the body”
It surrounds Organs

Function- connects skin to muscle

Matrix- fibers

19
Q

Adipose (fat) tissue-
(details)

What are the two types

A

Location- Underneath the skin, around internal organs
ie) Buttocks, abdominal, breast tissue

Function- Cushion ie) around organs
Insulation(heat) - ie) an obese PT will stay warm than a lean person in the same temperature
Matrix- Fibers

The two types of white and brown adipose

20
Q

Reticular Tissue (details)

Location
Function
Matrix

A

L-Spleen, bone marrow

F- Provides supporting framework

M-Fibers

ANATOMY 240 🧬 (13 decks)

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