Ch 24 Respiratory System

Question 1

What does the respiratory system include?

Answer 1

Nose
Nasal cavity
Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 2

1.What does the upper respiratory system consist of?

2.What does the lower respiratory system consist of?

Answer 2

1.Nose
Nasal Cavity
Sinuses
Pharynx

2. Larynx
   Trachea
   Bronchi
   Bronchioles
   Alveoli

Question 3

What are the functions of the Respiratory System?

Answer 3

1. Provides an area for gas exchange between the air and the blood
2. Protects the respiratory surface from dehydration ( respiratory system needs to moist , cannot be dry)
3. Produces sound involved in verbal communication

Question 4

What are the Respiratory Epithelium?

Answer 4

1. Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar cells
2. Stratified Squamous cells (strong)- found in the pharynx
3. Goblet cells - protects and creates mucus to keep nasal cavity clean

Question 5

What are hairs in the nose called and what does it do?

Answer 5

Vibrissae
and they protect us from large inhaled particles

Question 6

What is the Pathway of Air?

Answer 6

1. Air enters the external nares(nostril)
2. Passes by the nasal vestibule (nasal passage)
3. Enters the nasal cavity
4. Air flows in and around the nasal conchae
   —inferior, middle, superior conchae
   —as air swirls around the conchae, debris gets stuck in the mucus and that cleans the air
   —as air swirls around the conchae, the air warms a bit before entering the trachea
   — air enters the internal nares
   — air enters the nasopharynx area(throat)

Question 7

What is the pharynx?
What are the three regions of the pharynx and their location?

Answer 7

The pharynx is a passageway that connects the nose to the mouth and the throat
1. Nasopharynx- the back of the nose area
2. Oropharynx- the back of the mouth area
3. Laryngopharynx- the area that has the entrance to the trachea and esophagus

Question 8

What is found in the Larynx?

Answer 8

The vocal cords

Question 9

What is the name for the “Adams Apple”

Answer 9

Laryngeal Prominence

Question 10

What does the Epiglottis do?

Answer 10

It closes over the glottis during swallowing of food and protects food from going down the trachea

Question 11

What is the anchor points for vocal cords?

Answer 11

Arytenoid cartilages

Question 12

The trachea is our what?

Answer 12

Wind pipe

**When you inhale, air travels from your nose, through your larynx, and down your windpipe.

Question 13

When a child swallows something why is it easier for it to go to the right lung?

Answer 13

This is because the tube going into the right lung is wider

Question 14

Where does blood vessels and nerves enter the lungs?

Answer 14

The Hilum

Question 15

A combination of the bronchus, artery, and the vein is called what?

Answer 15

The root

Question 16

Know the structure of the lungs on the pictures

Question 17

What covers the lung

Answer 17

Pleura membrane

Question 18

What are Alveoli and what tissues it is made of?

Answer 18

Microscopic air sacs made of simple squamous epithelium

Question 19

What does the pleural fluid do?

Answer 19

It reduces friction when the lungs move upon inhalation and exhalation

Question 20

What is pleurisy?

Answer 20

A condition in which the membranes produced too much plural fluid or the membranes stick to the thoracic wall there by results in pain upon inhalation and exhalation

Question 21

Which muscles are involved in pulmonary ventilation(breathing) and how do they help?

Answer 21

*Diaphragm-
contracts(lowers) to cause inhalation
relaxes (raises) to cause exhalation

*External intercostals - elevate the ribs to aid in inhalation

*Internal intercostals - depresses the ribs to aid in exhalation

Question 22

What are these types of breathing?
1. Eupnea
2. Hyperpnea
3. Dyspnea

Answer 22

1. Slow breathing
2. Forceful breathing
3. Labored breathing