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Chapter 3: Theories Flashcards

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1
Q

___ theories comprise general explanations about underlying makeup and workings of society, focusing on personality/behaviour/social/political/economic

A

foundational

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2
Q

ex. of foundational theories?

A

cognitive, ecological, structural, critical, systems

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3
Q

___ theories are specific to SW practise in real world contexts, focus on factors important for practitioners assess client situation and work with client to determine most effective intervention

A

practice

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4
Q

ex. of practise theories?

A

client-centred models, strengths based models, cognitive behavioural therapy, mindfulness, narrative therapy

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5
Q

two categories of theoretical perspectives?

A

conventional and progressive

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6
Q

conventional approaches?

A

ecological, cognitive, systems

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7
Q

progressive approaches?

A

critical, structural, anti-oppressive

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8
Q

social workers need to be ____

A

generalists (learn about and understand wide array of theories and practice models)

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9
Q

___ theory places person in series of interdependent relationships and their immediate environments

A

ecological

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10
Q

ecological theory uses ___ to show patterns of positive and negative interactions that comprise client’s family/social situation

A

ecomaps

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11
Q

Carel Germain and Alex Gitterman used ideas from ecology and biology to develop ___ model of social work

A

life

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12
Q

SW who use ecological perspective incorporate ____ philosophy because work typically involves strong element of ____ and _____

A

humanist; empathy; reflection

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13
Q

___ theory underlies range of potentially effective intervention strategies which have roots in psychodynamic perspective (Freud)

A

cognitive

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14
Q

why psychodynamic theory important?

A

help uncover complexity of human mind and move from moralism to more open, therapeutic approach

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15
Q

______ put limits on extent which ppl can actively pursue basic needs

A

norms and values

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16
Q

according to cognitive perspecitve, goals of social work are to:

A

1) understand cognitive roots of irrational/troubling behaviour 2) use specific techniques like talk therapy to expose source of prob 3) use insights to resolve issue and help ppl cope better

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17
Q

____ theory focuses on working of wider social systems/structures such as family, community, school, place of worship, workplace; function of these systems critical to satisfactory resolution of client prob

A

systems

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18
Q

levels of systems (from smallest to largest):

A

individual, microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem

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19
Q

this theory is largely Canadian, traced to work of Maurice Moreau

A

structural

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20
Q

skills in structural social work similar to ones used in ____ theory

A

ecological

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21
Q

practitioners of structural SW consider:

A

all dimensions of personal probs, particularly attuned to less visible structural elements of probs such as SoDH

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22
Q

structural SW need to be skilled in:

A

casework, family counselling, group work, community organizing, social policy, social welfare issues

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23
Q

specific structural theories included in critical theory:

A

feminist theory, anti-racist, post-colonial theory

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24
Q

what does critical theory focus on?

A

analyse socioeconomic structures that oppress/exploit ppl

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25
critical social work draws on notion of ____
empowerment
26
three aspects of empowerment:
1) explicitly identified power elements in client-worker relationship 2) explicit experience of control by clients 3) explicit support by SW of client's effort to gain greater control over lives and promote change
27
what is antioppressive theory?
cluster of theories that share goal of understanding and responding to oppressive social conditions and relationships
28
two major types of anti-oppressive social work:
feminist and anti-racist
29
components of anti-oppressive perspective:
1) ppl's everyday experience shaped by multiple oppressions 2) social justice oriented SW focuses on helping client while also address root of issue 3) need to build allies and work with social mvmts/causes 4) participatory approaches 5) self-reflexive practice and analysis important
30
micro level practice focuses on _____ and aims to promote healthy personal fxn, social relationships, interactions with resources
individuals, families, small groups
31
meso level practice focuses on _____ and aims to promote change in group dynamics, structures, practices
formal groups, organizations, service delivery networks
32
macro level practice focuses on ________
social probs in community, institutional, and policy-related contexts.
33
generalist intervention model is first tailored to ____ and involves deliberate ______
needs of client; planned change
34
generalist interventions based on :
assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, termination/followup
35
what are range of skills needed for micro/meso/macro level practice?
communication/interviewing, group facilitation, admin, community mobilization, research skills
36
social work practice rooted in _____ perspective
person in environment
37
person in enviro perspective aims to:
enhance interactions between individuals and society, promote social justice, ensure equal opportunity/access/participation, promote empowerment
38
what is empowerment?
process of ^ capacity of individuals or groups to make choices and transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes
39
basic goal of generalist SW:
facilitate social well being and social functioning of person in enviro
40
what are skills needed for all perspectives?
assessment , empathy, reframing, communication, spiritual sensitivity, advocacy (pg 88/89)
41
Cree beliefs about gifts from creator?
physical, metaphysical
42
____ is used as a symbol of Cree interconnected world view and nature of relations between ppl and all beings in their world view
spiral
43
Indigenous model of building family and community resilience, 3 interconnected dimensions:
1) reclaiming wahkohtowin (interconnected world view) 2) reconciling damaged relationships 3) repatriating the power to respectfully self-determine
44
cornerstone to recovering interconnected worldview?
reclaim ceremonies as educational instrument
45
what is functional practice model (Rank)?
emphasize importance of client role in directing change to enhance social functioning; work with (not for); emphasize importance of life events in the present
46
what is client-centred practice model (Rogers) ?
clients are experts in understanding/resolving own probs; based on humanism; goal to empower and have non-judgmental and non-directive approach
47
social workers often draw on ____ approaches as more practical, time-limited practice models with clearer guidelines
cognitive behavioural
48
what is rational-emotive practice model (Ellis)?
blend of two psych areas of cognition and behaviourism, aim to help client see neg emotions due to distorted perception of reality; emphasis on changing current emotional state of mind and exercise control over own thoughts and effect change in own life
49
what is task-centred practice model?
short-term intervention with measurable outcome and proven effectiveness; assess and clarify target prob and desired outcome, create list of tasks must be accomplished to resolve prob
50
assumption of task-centred practice model?
ppl experiencing prob have resources and motivation to resolve them
51
task-centred practice model particularly helpful for
dealing with persistent probs like interpersonal conflicts, probs in role performance, difficulty making decisions, reactive emotional stress
52
what is strengths-based practice model (saleebey)
encourage client to recognize own assets, then collaborate and draw on available strengths and resources to work toward growth and change
53
what is cognitive behavioural therapy?
person's thoughts and beliefs determine emotional/behavioural responses to life events/situations; focuses on using cognitive change to drive emotional/behavioural change and goal attainment; brief, time-limited, present-focused, prob solving approaches
54
techniques used in CBT?
systematic questioning, inductive reasoning, reattribution of negative outcomes to external influence rather than internal causation, challenging general rules shaping perceptions of experiences, confronting anxious responses to triggers
55
CBT works to alleviate variety of conditions:
mood disorders, anxiety, personality disorders, eating disorders, substance use disorders
56
basic steps in CBT intervention:
identify critical behaviours; determine whether such behaviours are excesses or deficits; evaluate frequency/duration/intensity of behaviours; attempt to decrease/increase frequency/duration/intensity of behaviours based on excess or deficit
57
in CBT, ____ , ____, and ___ influence each other; triangle in middle represents idea that core beliefs can be summed up in three categories:
feelings, thoughts, behaviours; self, others, future
58
3 ways mindfulness has been adapted:
1) treatment intervention 2) mode of self care 3) enhance client-worker helping relationship
59
mindfulness represents shift from ___ to ___ mode
doing; being
60
benefits of mindfulness?
greater self-awareness, ability relate in new ways to pain and difficulties, healthy emotional processing/regulation, facilitate mental space where creative solutions can rise, develop positive self image, greater well being and ease in the world, respond stress better, make choices with greater clarity
61
primary practice/skill cultivated in mindfulness is ____
meditation
62
formal vs informal meditation?
sustained attention on particular object or choiceless awareness (awareness of breathing); application of mindful attention in everyday life
63
mindfulness involves being:
present through attention and awareness without judgement, moving beyond what human senses can directly experience and everyday states of awareness and taken-for-granted perceptions
64
most widely used mindfulness intervention is called:
mindfulness-based stress reduction
65
MBSR shown to be effective for addressing:
chronic pain, stress, caregiver stress, anxiety, depression, ED, psoriasis, cancer, suicidal behaviour
66
building on MBSR, ____ was developed as treatment approach to reduce relapse and recurrence of depression
MBCT (mindfulness based cognitive therapy); notice neg thoughts and how to change relationship with them
67
other variations of mindfulness:
dialectical behaviour therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy
68
____ model based on belief that ppl have necessary inner resources to resolve probs and contribute to own growth and change
solutions-focused
69
solutions focused approach is ____ because knowledge about reality and experiences are constructed thru social interactions, language, dialogue
constructivist
70
questions to help clients identify strengths and solutions:
exception questions, miracle questions, coping questions, relationship questions
71
components of solution focused therapy:
scaling questions , problem free talk, exception seeking questions
72
what are scaling questions?
invite clients find ways measure and track own experiences in non-threatening way
73
what are problem free talk?
questions designed to uncover hidden resources that can help client relax and become more naturally proactive in tackling probs
74
____ model focus on meanings ppl find in and create in life stories, as well as extent to which ppl feel lived experiences are represented within own stories as told by self or others
narrative based
75
what is narrative therapy:
psychotherapy that seeks to help ppl identify values, skills, knowledge so can confront whatever probs they face; help client co-author new narrative about selves and challenge dominant discourse that shape ppl lives
76
in narrative therapy, therapist acts as ___
investigative reporter
77
narrative therapy supports clients in ___ the problem
externalizing
78
Turner observed creativity comes into play in SW in five main areas:
1) creative expression 2) creative presentation of self by social worker 3) creative conceptualization at the direct practice level 4) creative conceptualization at the community practice level 5) creative cosmology paradigm
79
4 primary theoretical orientations in contemporary art therapy:
1) psychodynamic 2) humanistic 3) learning and developmental 4) family therapy
80
play therapy widely used with these types of children:
experienced trauma, loss, in adoptive/foster care
81
form of participatory action research involving photography and narrative , used by practitioners to empower communities so as to include voices of individuals who otherwise may be marginalized
photovoice

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