Chapter 3 - theorie

Question 1

How to solve the binding problem,

Answer 1

With attention by selecting only a limited spatial area for processing

Question 2

The level of selection may depend on perceptual load with early selection being necessary when perceptual load is(high/low)

Answer 2

high to prevent interference within perceptual analyzers

Question 3

The level of selection may depend on perceptual load with early selection being inefficiënt when perceptual load is,

Answer 3

when perceptual load is low, leading to the processing of irrelevant information to the point of semantic identification

Question 4

Connection between ERP and perceptual load,

Answer 4

when the brain has to focus more on processing information which is a high perceptual load certain electrical signals linked to early perception become stronger

Question 5

Attention as signal enhancement affects performance only when external noise levels are,

Answer 5

low

Question 6

attention as distractor exclusion affects performance only when external noise levels are,

Answer 6

relatively high

Question 7

The benefits in reaction time for cuing a smaller number of positions increased as the cue display onset interval increased indicating that,

Answer 7

it takes time to focus attention

Question 8

the size of the attentional focus can be manipulated by,

Answer 8

cuing different numbers of locations in a circular display

Question 9

The experiment showing inhibited responses to probes at blank positions far from the target and faster responses to probes near the target suggests,

Answer 9

that attention operates differently on objects than on empty space

Question 10

spotlight metaphor of attention research results,

Answer 10

research indicates that attention does not always favor objects over empty spaces and

the time it takes to concentrate on a specific location increases as the target moves farther away from the center of focus

Question 11

The frontal cortex may exercise attentional control by inhibiting areas or objects that should not be attended aiding selection by,

Answer 11

accentuating the difference in activation between the wanted and unwanted inputs

Question 12

When a periphial cue is correctly timed it helps you perform,

Answer 12

better

Question 13

Effect of consistently directing your attention to a specific position,

Answer 13

Struggle to keep focus

Question 14

Exogenous orienting can be prevented by,

Answer 14

top down attentional control

Question 15

effect of knowing where a letter is likely to appear on response,

Answer 15

Speeds up responses

Question 16

effect of knowing something of the form of the letter on response,

Answer 16

Not the same effect as knowing where a letter is likely to appear

Question 17

Attention operates on objects formed on the basis of these four earlier perceptual processes,

Answer 17

continuity proximity similarity and movement

Question 18

Attention may be either space based or object based depending on,

Answer 18

task demands