Chapter 1 - filosofen en theorieën

Question 1

Titchener,

Answer 1

described the discovery of attention as one of three major achievements of experimental psychology

Question 2

Pillsbury

Answer 2

noted that retention is dependent on the degree of attention that was given at the moment of learning.

also emphasized the role of attention in retrieving information by asserting that recall is always directed by attention and recognition is influenced by attention both in its quickness and correctness

Question 3

Wilhelm Wundt,

Answer 3

was responsible for introducing the study of attention to the field. Established the first laboratory devoted to psychological research in 1879. emphasized the voluntary control of attention and conducted experiments on the speed of mental processes.

Question 4

Von Helmholtz theorie over perceptie,

Answer 4

argued that attention is essential for visual perception.

Question 5

Wundt’s perception on attention,

Answer 5

held that attention was an inner activity that caused ideas to be present to differing degrees in consciousness. He distinguished between perception and apperception

Question 6

Lotze,

Answer 6

paying attention happens at different levels and sometimes it can be focused on basic experiences without involving complex thinking or comparing them to other sensations or past experiences

Question 7

William James’s definition of attention,

Answer 7

“views on attention are probably the most well known of the early psychologists.

His definition of attention is widely quoted as implying withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others. “

Question 8

Mach and Stumpf and others view on te answer to the question whether attention increases the clearness of attended events or decreases the clearness of unattended events,

Answer 8

favored the view that this increase in clearness was direct

Question 9

Wundt and Külpe and others view on on te answer to the question whether attention increases the clearness of attended events or decreases the clearness of unattended events,

Answer 9

held the view that the increase was accomplished indirectly by inhibiting the sensations that were not attended to.

Question 10

Judd’s view on teh selective aspect of attention,

Answer 10

whereby one particular group of sensory factors is emphasized more than any other group

Question 11

Lotze’s ideomotor action theory,

Answer 11

introduced the idea that the links between movements and their mental representations are bi-directional and thus allowing the representations to directly produce the movements