Chapter 3 concept and definition Flashcards
The binding problem
;The binding problem refers to the challenge of understanding how the brain integrates and coordinates information from different sensory modalities to create a unified and coherent perception of the external world
event-related potential
;certain electrical signals linked to early perception
Perceptual Template Model
;attention may affect performance in visual tasks by:
- enhancing the stimulus
- excluding distractors or
- reducing multiplicative noise
Stimulus enhancement
;Signal enhancement in attention refers to the phenomenon where the brain selectively amplifies the processing of specific sensory signals or information that is deemed relevant or important This enhancement allows individuals to focus on and prioritize certain stimuli while filtering out others
spotlight of attention
;can be adjusted to focus on a relatively small region or on a larger region of space
Covert orienting
;Involves mentally shifting attention without any corresponding physical movement of the sensory organs
Covert orienting example
;shifting your attention to listen for a faint sound without turning your head
Overt Orienting
;Involves physically moving sensory organs such as eyes or head or body to direct attention to a specific location in the environment
Overt orienting example
;Turning your head to look at an interesting object in your peripheral vision
Exogenous cuing
;This is when attention is automatically drawn to a stimulus based on its physical characteristics such as sudden changes in brightness or motion without the person intending to shift their attention
Endogenous cuing
;endogenous cuing involves a voluntary and intentional shift of attention based on the individuals goals or expectations or or knowledge about the environment It’s a more deliberate and top-down process
peripheral cue
;a signal at the edge of your vision
a correctly times periphial cue
;100 ms delay
inhibition of return
“Inhibition of return” is a phenomenon where attention is less likely to return to a previously attended location, helping us to efficiently explore new information; for example, when searching for your keys, you’re less likely to keep checking the same spot you’ve already looked at.
Transient Attention
;It is a short-lived
Transient attention example
;When a sudden loud noise occurs in a quiet room
Sustained Attention
;Sustained attention involves maintaining focus on a particular task or stimulus over an extended period
Sustained attention example
;Reading a book or working on a project for an extended period involves sustained attention
Focal attention
;is employed to analyze objects in more detail after a preattentive stage of segmenting the visual field into separate objects
object-based theories of attention
;suggest that people process all features of a perceptual group at once
Feature Integration Theory
;posits that attention is required to combine features into objects
