Chapter 3: The Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards
What is the System of the body composed of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems?
Cardiorespiratory System
What is a system of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels?
Cardiovascular System
What is a hollow muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction?
Heart
What is the space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs?
Mediastinum
What is a specialized area of cardiac tissue, located in the right atrium of the heart, which initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate; often termed the pacemaker for the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
What is a small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricals?
Atrioventricular (AV) Node
What is the superior chamber of the heart that recieves blood from the veins and forces it into the ventricles?
Atrium
What is the inferior chamber of the heart that recieves blood from its corresponding atrium and, in turn, forces blood into the arteries?
Ventricles
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction
Stroke Volume
The rate at which the heart pumps?
Heart Rate
Heart rate X stroke volume, the overall performance of the heart
Cardiac Output
Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins,carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body, and also rids the body of waste products
Blood
Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood away from the heart
Blood Vessels
Vessels that transport blood away from the heart
arteries
The smallest blood vessels, and the site of exchange of chemicals and water between the blood and the tissues
Capillaries
Vessels that transport blood from the capillaries toward the heart
Veins
Small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries
Arterioles
The very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins
Venules
A system of organs (the lungs and prespiratory passageways) that collects oxygen from the external environment and transports it to the bloodstream
Respiratory System
The process of actively contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body
Inspiration
The process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body
Expiration
The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body
Diffusion
The highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion
Maximal Oxygen Consumption
Gathers deoxygenated blood
Right atrium
Gathers oxygenated blood
Left atrium
Largest blood vessel in the body?
Aorta
What has thin walls and pumps under low pressure due to the fact it pumps blood to the lungs?
Right Ventricle
What has thick walls and pumps under high pressure due to the fact it pumps blood to the entire body?
Left Ventricle
What are the 3 mechanisms of Blood?
Transportation, Regulation, Protection
What is the primary respiratory muscle?
Diaphragm
During heavy or forced breathing, inspiratory ventilation relies on the activity of which secondary respiratory muscles?
Scalenes and Pectoralis minor
What is the resting consumption of oxygen uptake?
3.5 mL per Kg of body weight per minute