Chapter 3: Statistic Refresher Flashcards
It is the act of assigning numbers or symbols to characteristics of things (people, events, whatever) according to rules
Measurement
A scale that is used to measure a variable that can theoretically divided.
Continuous Scale
It is the scale used to measure a variable that cannot be theoretically divided.
Discrete Scale
this is the degree to which the test score/measurement may be wrong, considering other factors like the state of the test taker (sickly or healthy) the venue of the test, the test itself, etc
error
A scale of measurement with no ranking but with classification
Nominal Scales
A scale of measurement, like nominal scales, permits categorization. The difference is there is a rank ordering for each characteristic response
Ordinal Scales
A scale of measurement that has the features of nominal and ordinal scales plus it contains equal intervals between variables. It has no absolute zero point; it is theoretically possible to have negative values on this scale.
Interval scales
A scale of measurement that has all properties of nominal, ordinal; and interval and has a true zero point. Meaning if the scale points to zero, the variable does not exist.
Ratio
Low IQ: 85 below
Average IQ: 86-114
High IQ: 115 above
What type of scale of measurement is these data above?
Ordinal Scale
What type of scale of measurement is this?
Religion, Gender, Subjects
Nominal Scale
This term states that if the scale points to zero the variable does not exist
Has true zero-point
Ang mga psych test ay represented in an_____ pero kapag iprepresent sa mga tao/client lalo na sa walang background sa stats______siya in nature ipe-present
interval manner
ordinal
This is the field of statistics that is used to describe our data
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
It is the unmodified accounting of the performance of the test taker in the test
Raw score
It is a table of scores and how many times they occurred. They can be presented in many ways.
Frequency Distribution
Graphical representation of data
HISTOGRAM or GRAPH
Is a statistic that indicates the average or midmost score between the extreme score in a distribution
Central Tendency
It is referred to in everyday language as “AVERAGE” The ___ considers the actual numerical value of every score.
Mean
defined as the middle score in distribution, is another commonly used measure of central tendency because it is not affected by outliers score
median
The most frequently occurring score in a distribution of scores
mode
Kapag hindi magkakalayo ang ______, most likely normal yung sample
central tendencies
What will you use if you want to describe the data of a group?
Central tendencies
It is an indication of how scores in a distribution are scattered or disperse
Variability
A type of variance where the scores have a high variability
High variance
A type of variance where the scores are so close to each other
Low Variance
It is equal to the difference between the highest and lowest score. Quick but gross description of the spread of scores.
Range
equal to the square root of the average squared deviation about the mean
Standard Deviation
a very useful measure of variation because each score’s distance from the mean of the distribution is factored into its computation
Standard Deviation
equal to the arithmetic mean of the squares of the difference between the scores in a distribution and their mean square of SD
variance
Distance of each score from the mean
Deviation
The average distance of the scores from the mean
Standard Deviation
The greater the value of the variance of _______the more that the data/numbers are scattered or far away from each other in a given distribution.
standard deviation
nature and extent to which score symmetry of a data is absent
skewness
This skew means few high scorers and most scores are on the lower end
-yung central tendency nasa lower end spectrum ng scores
Positive skew/ Right Skew
If the data of the final exam of your students is in positive skew what does that mean?
Mahirap yung test, di effective yung nagturo, maraming low scorers
This type of skew means few low scorers, most scores are on the higher end
Central tendency ay nasa positive side, yung skew nasa negative side
Negative Skew/ Left Skew
It is a type of kurtosis in which scores are distributed almost equally through the higher and lower end.,
meaning malaki yung variance ng score
-iba-iba yung scores, wala nang similarities at hindi na ma-describe yung performance ng group
PLATYKURTIC-
It is a type of kurtosis in which scores are mostly center, with few higher scores in the higher or lower end: pare-parehas lang yung scores
-Masyadong naka squeezer yung performance ng group sa isang score, masyadong homogenous
LEPTOKURTIC
It is the ideal kurtosis. Sakto lang, well distributed at the same time may degree of sameness
MESOKURTIC
Kapag ang sample is symmetrical, meaning mesokurtic, and then yung skewness absent and meaning perfectly balanced ito ay may properties ng_____
NORMAL CURVE
It is the raw score that has been
converted from one scale to another scale
Standard score
set of scores na may sariling pre determined mean and may pre determined standard deviation
standard scores
one of the famous standard scores is____?
Z-scores
It is a measure of the proportion of examinees who answered the item correctly.
item difficulty
The higher the difficulty, the ____ the item.
Easier
Item difficulty index should range from
0.30 - 0.70
An item with difficulty index higher than .70 means____
item is too easy
An item with difficulty index lower than .30 means___
item is too difficult
True or false. The higher the difficulty index the better
False
True or false. The higher item difficulty means an item is easy
True
What is the symbol of item difficulty?
(p)
This indicate how adequately an item separates or discriminates between high scorers and low scorers on an entire test.
Item Discrimination
compares performance on a particular item with performance in the upper and lower regions of a distribution of continuous test scores.
Item Discrimination
In item discrimination, they posses the target ability.
Upper group AKA masters
In item discrimination, they do not posses the target ability
Lower group AKA non-masters
The item-discrimination index should be at least ____
.30
the item is easy for the upper group and difficult for the lower group.-
High item discrimination index
Both the lower group and the upper group are getting the correct answer in the item
Low item discrimination index
The item is difficult for the upper group but easy for the lower group
Negative item discrimination index
