Chapter 2 History Flashcards
Testing programs were first held in ____ as early
as 2200 B.C.E. for Civil Service
China
In 1733, this person introduced the basic notion of sampling error
Abraham De Moivre
In 1859, ________ argued that chance
variation in species would be selected or
rejected by nature according to adaptivity and
survival value
Charles Darwin
In 1866, ______ explored and quantified
individual differences between people. He classified people according to their “natural
gifts” and to ascertain their “deviation from an
average”
Francis Galton
This person Pioneered the use of the coefficient of correlation; a a statistical concept central to psychological experimentation and testing:
Francis Galton
This person developed Product-Moment
Correlation Technique
Karl Pearson
The first experimental psychology laboratory was founded by _______ in Germany
Wilhelm Wundt
_______ focused on how similar people are and
viewed individual differences as frustrating
source of error
Wilhelm Wundt
This person coined the term Mental Test
James McKeen Cattell
This person originated the concept of test reliability as well as building mathematical
framework for the statistical technique of factor
analysis
Charles Spearman
This person collaborated with Alfred Binet on
papers suggesting how mental tests could be
used to measure higher mental processes
Victor Henri
this person has early experimentation with the word association technique as a formal test
Emil Kraepelin
One of the founding founders of modern
psychiatry
▪ Classification and diagnosis of mental
disorders
Emil Kraepelin
This person is the founder of
Clinical Psychology and Founded the first psychological clinic in US
o Lightner Witmer
In 1895, they published several articles in which they argued for the measurement of abilities
Alfred Binet and Victor Henri
Who are the publisher of the first intelligence test?
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
This type of test is designed to help identify Paris school children with intellectual Disability
Intelligence tests
It comprises individuals similar to those for whom the test is to be used
▪ Representative Sample
What year did the mental age determine?
1908
This person revised Binet’s test for US use
L.M Terman
In 1939____ introduced Adult intelligence tests
David Wechsler
According to Wechsler_____was aggregate or the global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment
Intelligence
This person devised his intelligence test into a group intelligence test in response to the US Military’s need for screening recruits for WWI
Binet
Who are people behind army tests for recruits?
Lewis M. Terman, Robert M. Yerkes, and others
This type of military test is used for literate folks
Army Alpha
This type of military test is used for illiterate folks
Army Beta
This person was assigned the task of
developing a measure of adjustment and
emotional stability that could be administered
quickly and efficiently to groups of recruits in military
Robert Woodworth
This test is disguised as a Personal data sheet. It is the first self-report measure of personality to identify soldiers at risk for shell shock
Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory
A type of personality test in which an individual is assumed to project onto some ambiguous
stimulus of his or her unique feelings
Projective Tests
This person developed Roscharch Inkblot tests
Hermann Rorschach
These person developed Thematic Apperception Test
Henry Murray & Christiana Morgan
In 1943 ________was published
▪ to use empirical methods to determine the
meaning of a test response
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory
It is a method of finding the minimum
number of dimensions (factors) to account for a
large number of variables
Factor Analysis
This person made the first serious attempt to
use factor analytic technique in the development of a structured personality test
J.R. Guilford
This person introduced the 16PF
Raymond Cattell
Beginning of year____, several major branches of applied psychology emerged such as neuro-psych, health psych, forensic psych, and child psych
1980s
They are susceptible to cultural bias in conducting Psychological tests
Immigrants and multicultural countries
