Chapter 3 science study guide

Question 1

Invention of the Microscope led to what?

Answer 1

discovering of cells

Question 2

cell wall function

Answer 2

The tough, protective barrier that surrounds the outer membrane of some types of cells

Question 3

cell membrane function

Answer 3

regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

is a distinct central organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

Question 5

mitochondria

Answer 5

powerhouses of the cell.

Question 6

vacuoles

Answer 6

storage structures for food, water, minerals, waste, in an animal cell

Question 7

lysosomes

Answer 7

are special vesicles formed by the Golgi apparatus to clean up the cell. is a specialized part of a cell known as an organelle.

Question 8

plant cell vs. animal cell

Answer 8

Plant Cells have a Cell Wall and a Cell Membrane; Animal Cells only have a Cell Membrane.

Question 9

diffusion

Answer 9

The net (overall) movement of substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 10

osmosis

Answer 10

By definition, osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water potential (low solute concentration) to and area of low water potential (high solute concentration).

Question 11

chloroplasts

Answer 11

controls chlorophyll to help cell trap light and make food

Question 12

ribosomes

Answer 12

produce proteins using instructions from the nucleus

Question 13

organelles

Answer 13

are specialized structures that carry out specific cell functions

Question 14

Cells and structure

Answer 14

The structures of living things are determined by the amazing variety of ways in which cells are
put together.

Question 15

Cells and function

Answer 15

The functions of an organism include obtaining oxygen, getting rid of wastes, obtaining food, and
growing.
For example,
cells in your digestive system absorb food. The food provides
your body with energy and materials needed for growth.

Question 16

organization of cells

Answer 16

the components that make up the cell and how they are arranged inside it

Question 17

cell wall and cell membrane similarity

Answer 17

The cell wall is a rigid layer of nonliving material
that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms

The cell membrane forms the outside boundary
that separates the cell from its environment.

Question 18

osmosis and diffusion

Answer 18

Because
cells cannot function properly without adequate water, many
cellular processes depend on osmosis.
Diffusion is the main method by which small molecules
move across the cell membrane

Question 19

what is the function of chromatin

Answer 19

-Make up nucleus of a cell
-The combination or complex of DNA and proteins that make up nucleus. The primary functions of chromatin are 1) to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, 2) to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis, 3) to prevent DNA damage, and 4) to control gene expression and DNA replication.

Question 20

why difficult to see cells

Answer 20

to small to see with the naked eye

Question 21

function of a microscope

Answer 21

to see microorganisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye