Chapter 3- pt 2 Microorganisms And microbiology Flashcards
Acidophiles
Organism that grows best at low ph (less than 6)
Organisms that grow best at high ph (more than 9)
Alakaliphiles
Microbial culture contains buffers to maintain constant pH. Why?
Each organism has an optimal ph for growth
Some bacteria produce acids that decreases pH
Some bacteria produce amino acids that increases pH
What is aW (water activity)?
Amount of free water. Available water for microorganism
The amount of water that is interacting with ions and polar compound solutions.
Ratio or vapour pressure of air in equilibrium with a substance or solution of vapour pressure of pure water
Cytoplasm (inside of cell) has higher solute concentration than environment. Where will water move?
Water will move into cells resulting to TURGOR PRESSURE
Positive water balance
Turgor pressure
Cytoplasm (inside of cell) has lower solute concentration than environment (higher solute concentration). Where will water move?
Water will move out of cell to environment
Microorganism that grows best at reduced water potential. Have specific requirement for NACL.
Halophiles
Organism that requires high levels of NaCl for growth. At what percent?
Extreme halophiles
15-30%
Halotolerant
Organism that can tolerate some reduction in water activity of environment but generally grow best at lower solute concentrations
Osmophiles
Microorganism that can grow at high sugar as solute
Xerophiles
Organism that able to grow in very dry environments
Compounds used by cells to counteract low water activity in surrounding environment
Compatible solutes
Organism that requires oxygen to live
Obligate aerobes
Strict anaerobe
Do not require o2. Dies at presence of o2
Facultative aerobe
Can live with or without 02, but grows well if presence of 02
Aeroloterant aerobes
Can tolerate o2 and grow in presence even though they cannot use it.
Microaerophiles
Can use oxygen when its present at levels reduced from that in air (2-10%)
Differences in oxygen use/ tolerance can be distinguish sed using _____
Thioglycolate broth
State at which zone they grow in thioglycolate broth Obligate aerobe Strict anaerobe Facultative anaerobe Microaerophile Aerotolerant anaerobe
Obligate aerobe - oxic zone (top)
Strict anaerobe- anoxic zone (bottom)
Facultative anaerobe - throughout tube but better in oxic (top)
Microaerophile -narrow band between oxic and anoxic
Aerotolerant anaerobe- grows well throughout tube