Chapter 1- Microorganisms And Microbiology

Question 1

Microbiology is defined by what techniques?

Answer 1

• culture media for isolation and growth of organism in pure culture.
• biochemical to study cell components
• molecular and genetics techniques

Question 2

All cell organism have what in common? And define them.

Answer 2

Cytoplasmic membrane- selective barrier against inside of cell to outside environment
Cytoplasm- aqueous solution containing membrane, proteins, ions
Chromosome-genetic element carrying essential gene
Genetic material- all information is stored as DNA and information is divided into functional units called genes
Genome- full set of complement gene
Plasmid- carrying non essential gene
Ribosome site of protein sythesis

Question 3

A full set of complement gene?

Answer 3

Genome

Question 4

All cell store their genetic information as DNA, and this is divided into functional units called _______.

Answer 4

Genes

Question 5

3 categories of microorganism according to their structure

Answer 5

Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Viruses

Question 6

Characteristic of eukaryotes

Answer 6

Membrane bound organelles
Nucleus
Complex Internal organization
Divide by meiosis and mitosis

Question 7

Characteristic of prokaryotes

Answer 7

No membrane bound organelles and nucleus
Smaller than eukaryotes
Simpler internal organization
Divide by binary fission
Mostly unicellular

Question 8

Give 2 major groups of eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 8

Eukaryotes.
Protists and fungi

Prokaryotes
Bacteria and archea

Question 9

Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic microorganism without cell differentiation into tissues

Answer 9

Protists

Question 10

Microbiology

Answer 10

The study of organism that is too small to be seen with unaided eye.

Question 11

Animal like eukaryotes

Answer 11

Protozoa

Question 12

Plant like eukaryote

Answer 12

Algae

Question 13

Slime milds and water molds

Answer 13

Filamentous eukaryotes

Question 13

Acellular infectious particles. Extremely small

Answer 13

Viruses

Question 14

Classifying organisms based on evolutionary relationships by comparing small subnunit rRna genes.
Prokaryotes- ___ ribosome
____ ssu rRna
Eukaryotes

Answer 14

Prokaryotes 70 s, 16 rrna

Eukaryotes 80s , 18 rrna

Question 15

Steps in sequencing rRNA genes

Answer 15

Step 1. Dna collection form pure culture
Step 2- ssu rRNa amplified by PcR
Step 3. Gene is sequenced
Step 4. Sequnce is aligned with sequences from other organism.

Question 16

Used to calculate evolutionary distance btwn organism

Answer 16

Numbe rof differences from sequencing rRNA genes

Question 17

3 distinct domains of life

Answer 17

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 18

Fundamental unit of biological diversity

Answer 18

Species

Question 19

Describe microbes 
Use compound microscope up to 39x 
Observe cells in cork
Bread mold
Beginning of cell theory

Answer 19

Robert hooke

Question 20

Built microscope magnified by 50-300x
Animalcules
First discovery of bacteria

Answer 20

Antoni van leeuwenhoek

Question 21

Wine beer prodcution
Fermentation
Pasteurization
Aseptic technique

Answer 21

Louis pasteur

Question 22

Anthrax from Bacillus anthracis

Answer 22

Robert koch

Question 23

An isolation method

Answer 23

Streak plate

Question 24

Colony

Answer 24

Mass of cells arose from one single cell.

Used to create pure culture

Question 25

Separation method

Answer 25

Spread plate

Pour plate

Question 26

Range of countable plates

Answer 26

30-300

Question 27

Titre

Answer 27

Concentration of bacteria in a population

Question 28

How to calculate titre

Answer 28

Number of cells x df