Chapter 2- microbial Cell Structure And Fuction

Question 1

Different types of light microscopy

Answer 1

Bright field
Phase contrast
Dark Field
Fluorescent

Question 2

Specimen are visualized because of differences in constrats of specimen and environment

Answer 2

Bright field

Question 3

Magnification

Answer 3

Ability to make object larger

Question 4

Resolution

Answer 4

Ability to distinguish two adjacent object as separate and disticnt

Question 5

Dyes

Answer 5

Organic compounds that bind to specific cellular materials

Question 6

Example of common stains

Answer 6

Methylene blue
Crystal violet
Safranin

Question 7

Chromphore

Answer 7

Coloured portion of dye

Question 8

One dye used to color specimen

Answer 8

Simple staining

Question 9

Two type of dye:

Answer 9

Basic dye

Acidic dye

Question 10

Positively charged chromophore. Binds to negatively charged cellular materials

Answer 10

Basic dye

Question 11

Acidic dye

Answer 11

Negatively charged chromophore repelled by cell surface result to background staining or negative stain

Question 12

Difference of gram positive and gram negative. What colour they appear.

Answer 12

Gram positive, thicker peptidoglycan
Purple

Gram negative. Thin peptidoglycan
Pink

Question 13

Example of differential stain

Answer 13

Gram stain
Acid fast
Endospore stain

Question 14

Acid fast stain and what color of stains. Primary and secondary

Answer 14

Detects mycolic avid in cell wall of mycobacterium
Primary stain. Pink
Other blue

Question 15

Endospore stain colour primary and counterstain

Answer 15

Primary green

Counter pink

Question 16

Phase contrast

Answer 16

Amplifies differences in REFRACTIVE INDEX of cell and environment.

No dye necessary
For live sample

Question 17

How do samples appear in phase contrast?

Answer 17

Sample is dark

Light BG

Question 18

Darkfield microscopy and how does specimen appear?

Answer 18

Specimen is illuminated with hollow cone of light. Refracted light enter obj

Bright specimen
Dark BG

Question 19

Use to visualize specimens that fluoresce. Emit light color when illuminated with another color of light

Answer 19

Fluorescence microscopy

Question 20

Imaging cells in 3D and define

Answer 20

Differential interference contrast microscopy- uses polarizer to create beams of polarized light
Confocal scanning laser microscopy- laser source to generate 3d image

Question 21

Microscope for cell structure

Answer 21

Transmission electron microscope - through internal structure
Scanning electron microscope- surface

Question 22

TEM must be stained with _____ while SEM must be coated with _____

Answer 22

Metals lead or uranium

Gold

Question 23

Cell shape
Sphere
Rids
Spirals

Answer 23

Cocci
Bacilli
Spirochetes, spirillum

Question 24

Structure that surrounds the cell and a barrier that separates cytoplasm from envr

Answer 24

Cytoplasmic membrane

Question 25

Bacteria and eukarya contains _____ linkage, archaea contaims ___ linkage

Answer 25

Esther, ether

Question 26

Proteins in membranse. Differentiate integral with perioheral

Answer 26

Integral - embedded

Peripheral- surface

Question 27

Nutrient transport events

Answer 27

Uniporter
Symporter
Antiporter

Question 28

Three major classes of transport systems in prokaryotes and give ex

Answer 28

Simple transport- lac permease of e. Coli
Group translocation- phosphotransferase
ABC system- ato binding cassettes

Question 29

Compound microscope

Answer 29

Uses visible light to illuminate cells