Chapter 3- Microbial Growth And Nutrition Flashcards
All essential elements in microorganisms are:
Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur Selenium
Examples of macromolecules and give example of their monomers
Protein, amino acids
Lipids, fatty acids and glycerol
Carbohydrates , sugars
nucleic acids, nucleotides
Macromolecule consist of CHONS?
Protein
Macromolecule consist of CHON?
Carbohydrates
Macromolecule consist of CHONP?
Nucleic Acids
Macromolecule consist of CHOP?
Lipids
Other macronutrients that serve as co-factors? Give examples.
Mg stabilize me branes
K for protein synthesis
Ca cell wall
Fe ^2+ for cytochrome carriers
Are non protein element required for enzymatic function.
Metabolic co factors
Micronutrients and examples
Elements required in very small amount, serve as co factors for enzymes
Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, Mo
Required to make selenocysteine
Se
Are small organic molecules required for growth and give three classes?
Growth factors
Amino acids
Purines and pyrimidines
Vitamins
Growth factor for protein sythesis
Amino acids
Growth factor for building Blocks of dna and rna
Purines and pyrimidines
Small molecules used to make organic cofactors
Vitamins
Macronutrients
Elements required in large amount to make macromolecules
What is a limiting nutrient?
When it runs out, growth stop despite of presence if other nutrients
Organisms are placed into 2 groups on how they obtain C
Heterotrophs and autotrophs
Use organic carbons
One or more C is reduced
Heterotrophs
Used inorganic carbons as their sole source of carbon. Requires energy to assimilate it.
Autotrophs (through photosythesis)
Element provided as salts?
Inorganic N
Inorganic N must be reduced to _____?
NH3
Provided as N rich organic molecules. Does not need to be reduced.
Organic N
Atmospheric N2 is reduced to 2NH3 by?
Nitrogen fixation
Form of nitrogen use to make amino acids
NH3
Found in water and organic media, no specific nutrients
H
O
Usually provided as phosphate salts (PO4 ^3-)
Phosphorus
In what system is PO4 3- is always limiting?
Fresh water system
Also provided in form of salts, and must be refuced to S2 to make amino acids
Inorganic S
Pre made amino acids (cysteine and methionine). Less energy to make
Organic S
Majority of macromolecules
Carbon
6 classes of culture media are:
Defined Minimal Complex Differential Selective Enriched
A media where exact composition is known
Defined medium
Media useful for studying metabolism
Defined
Defined medium that provides MINIMUM nutritional requirements for growth ( no growth factors)
Minimal
Medium where exact composition is not known. Supply variety of growth factors.
Complex
Medium often made from meat or yeast extracts
Complex medium
Give example of complex medium
T soy broth and plates
differential medium
Allows different bacteria to be distinguished