Chapter 3 Pt 2

Question 1

Alpha Carbon

Answer 1

The alpha carbon (Cα) in organic molecules refers to the first carbon atom that attaches to a functional group

Question 2

Amino Acid

Answer 2

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino and carboxylate −CO−2 functional groups, along with a side chain specific to each amino acid.

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes

Question 4

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.

Phosphote-Ribose alternate on helix

nitrogenous base= rungs

adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)

Question 5

Deoxyribonucleotide

Question 6

Disulfide Bond

Answer 6

SS bond.. protein folding

Question 7

Domain

Question 8

Double Helix

Question 9

Nucleic Acids

Answer 9

Nucleic acids are biopolymers, macromolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomers made of three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.

Question 10

Peptide Bonds

Answer 10

A peptide bond is a covalent carbon-to-nitrogen bond linking two amino acids. Amino acids combine chemically by a condensation reac on between the carboxyl carbon of one amino acid and the amino nitrogen of another amino acid → protein

Question 11

Phosphate Group

Answer 11

Po4-, weakly acidic

Question 12

Phosphodiester bond

Answer 12

A phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds

Question 13

Polypeptide

Answer 13

Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Polypeptide is long unbranched polypeptide chain

Question 14

Primary Structure

Question 15

Protein

Answer 15

Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers – specifically polypeptides – formed from sequences of amino acids

Question 16

Purine

Question 17

Pyrimidine

Question 18

Quaternary

Question 19

Structure

Question 20

Ribonucleic Acid

Answer 20

Like DNA, each RNA strand has the same basic structure, composed of nitrogenous bases covalently bound to a sugar-phosphate backbone (Figure 1). However, unlike DNA, RNA is usually a single-stranded molecule.

adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), or guanine (G)