2.1-2.3 Flashcards
Anion
Negative Ion
Atom
Structure made of protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up matter
Atomic Mass
Number of protons and neutrons added together. The “mass” of the content of the nucleus
Atomic Number
Number of Protons
Avogadro’s Number
6.02x10^23
The number of units present in one mole of any substance
Bohr Model
A diagram depicting electron configurations in concentric circular orbits around nucleus
Cation
Positive Ion
Chemical Compound
2 or more elements combined in a fixed ratio
Covalent Bond
sharing of electrons between atoms in a way that results in each atom having a filled valence shell
Electron
A particle that carries a negative unit of charge
Electron Shell
Electrons in orbitals with similar energies, said to be at principal energy level, make up an electron shell
electronegativity
a measure of an atom’s shared attraction for shared electrons in a chemical bond
Element
substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through chemical reaction
Ion
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
Ionic Bond
forms as a consequence of the attraction between the positive charge of a cation and the negative charge of an anion
Isotope
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.
Lewis Dot Structure
A simple way of representing the electrons in the valence shell of an atom is to use dots placed around the chemical symbol of the element
Mole
6.02214076 × 1023 of some chemical unit, be it atoms, molecules, ions, or others. The mole is a convenient unit to use because of the great number of atoms, molecules, or others in any substance.
Molecular Formula
A molecular formula consists of the chemical symbols for the constituent elements followed by numeric subscripts describing the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule.
Molecular Weight
The molecular mass is the mass of a given molecule: it is measured in daltons. Different molecules of the same compound may have different molecular masses because they contain different isotopes of an element.
Molecule
a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Neutron
a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen.
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
Nucleus
the positively charged central core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons and containing nearly all its mass.
Orbital
region around a nucleus in an atom or molecule that may contain zero, one, or two electrons Electrons arrange themselves in cloudlike regions around the nucleus called orbitals.
Periodic Table
a tabular display of the chemical elements. It is widely used in chemistry, physics, and other sciences, and is generally seen as an icon of chemistry
Polar Covalent Bond
Polar Molecule
Product
a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction
Reactants
Substances that participate in a reaction
Proton
Positively charged subatomic particle
Structural Formula
The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure, showing how the atoms are possibly arranged in the real three-dimensional space.
Trace Element
trace element, also called micronutrient, in biology, any chemical element required by living organisms in minute amounts
Valence Shell
the outermost shell of any atom is called the valence shell and the electrons that reside in the valence shell are called valence electrons
