Ch2 part 2

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

Proton donor: pH 0-7

Question 2

Adhesion

Answer 2

The ability to stick to many other kinds of substances

Explains how water makes things wet.. think of the coin

Question 3

Anion

Answer 3

Negative Ion, has gained electrons

Question 4

Base

Answer 4

Proton acceptor. Most yield a hydroxide ion and cation when dissolved in water: pH 14-7

Question 5

Buffer

Answer 5

A buffer is a substance that resists changes in pH when an acid or base is added
A buffering system includes a weak acid or a weak base

Question 6

Capillary Action

Answer 6

Tendency of water to move in narrow tubes, even against the force of gravity A combination of adhesion and cohesion

Question 7

Cation

Answer 7

A positively charged ion–has lost electron(s)

Question 8

Cohesion

Answer 8

occurs when water molecules stick to one another
Major mechanism of water movement in plants
sticks to itself

Question 9

Electrolyte

Answer 9

Dissociated ions that can conduct an electrical current. Occurs when salt acid or base is dissolved in water

Question 10

Electronegativity

Answer 10

A measure of an atom’s attraction for shared electrons in a chemical bonf

Question 11

Hydration (shell)

Answer 11

Process in which each cation or anion in a solution is surrounded by oppositely charged ends of the water molecules

Question 12

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 12

form between the partial positive charge (hydrogen) of one water molecule and the partial negative charge (oxygen) of a neighboring water molecule. Each water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with up to four neighboring water molecules

Question 13

Hydronium Ion

Question 14

Hydrophilic

Answer 14

substances that interact readily with water. Ex: NaCl

Question 15

Hydrophobic

Answer 15

“water fearing” : insoluble in water and tend to cluster together. The hydrogen bonds that are “excluding them” drive them together

Question 16

Hydroxide Ion

Answer 16

Base: substance that dissociates in solution to yield a hydroxide ion (OH−) and a cation; a proton acceptor

Question 17

Ion

Answer 17

A particle with one or more units of electric charge.. has gained or lost one or more electrons

Question 18

Ionic bond

Answer 18

forms as a consequence of the attraction between the positive charge of a cation and the negative charge of an anion

Question 19

Nonpolar Covalent bond

Answer 19

Covalently bonded atoms with similar electronegativities/equally shared electrons

Question 20

pH

Answer 20

The degree of a solution’s acidity

Question 21

Polar Covalent bond

Answer 21

Covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. Ex : hydrogen bond

Question 22

Polar Molecule

Answer 22

has one pole with a partial positive charge and another end with a partial negative charge

Question 23

Proton

Answer 23

atomic particle with a positive charge

Question 24

Salt

Answer 24

When an acid and a base are mixed in water, anions from the acid and cations from the base combine to form a salt
A salt is a compound in which the hydrogen ion of an acid is replaced by some other cation

Question 25

Solute

Answer 25

minor part of a solution dissolved in a solvent

Question 26

Solution

Answer 26

a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent.

Question 27

Solvent

Answer 27

what dissolves solutes in a solution

Question 28

Surface Tension

Answer 28

Occurs when molecules at water’s surface crowd together, producing a strong layer as they are pulled downward by the cohesion of water molecules beneath them

Question 29

Van Der Waals Interactions

Answer 29

caused by slight momentary charges of non-polar molecues by concentrations or deficits of electrons orbiting around the nucleus in time. adjacent molecules interact with the slightly charged regions over small distances and are weak compared to other bonds