Chapter 3 Part 2: Induced Innate Response

Question 1

-Master regulator of inflammation
-released as a pro-protein
•activated by inflammasome

Answer 1

Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1beta)

Question 2

• increases vascular permeability

- increases adhesion expression

Answer 2

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

Question 3

• fever

- acute phase protein production

Answer 3

Interleukin-6

Question 4

-PAMP (like LPS) activates caspase 1
•activates IL-1beta

-PAMP (like LPS) activates caspase 4
•activates gasdermin D pore
•IL-1beta is released
•may cause death of cell (pyrotosis)***

Answer 4

Inflammasome

Question 5

• chronic inflammation due to dysregulation of the innate immune response
• many have mutated proteins of the inflammasome (or it’s regulation)

Answer 5

IL-1 family and autoinflammatory disease

Question 6

• mannose-binding lectin

- mannose-associated serine proteases

Answer 6

Acute phase proteins_MBL compliment

Question 7

-C-reactive protein 
  •phosphorylcholine
      • Lipopolysaccharide
      • gram-positive bacterial cell walls
      •fungi 
      • protozoa 
-antibody-antigen

Answer 7

Acute phase proteins_ classical complement

Question 8

One of the few cells that can work on molds

Answer 8

Neutrophils

Question 9

Two key components of extravasation

Answer 9

• pro-inflammatory cytokines

- CXCL-8

Question 10

Tumor necrosis factor alpha can cuss pain due to overactive _________

Answer 10

Macrophages

Question 11

This bunds iron

Answer 11

Gelatinase

Question 12

Neutrophils die within hours of entering infected tissues

• cannot regranulate
• Pus
• received by _______

Answer 12

Macrophages

Question 13

What are the primary secondary and tertiary granular products?

Answer 13

Primary- lysozyme, defensins, myeloperoxidase, cathepsins, elastase, proteinase

Secondary-unsaturated lactoferrin, lysozyme and NADPH OXIDASE

Tirtiary- gelatinase

Question 14

Neutrophils often require two signals. What kind of signals could they be?

Answer 14

Pattern recognition receptors (PRR)

Pathogen associated molecular patterns(PAMP)

Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMP)

Question 15

• nucleus swells and bursts
• contain anti-microbial peptides and proteins
• produce chromatin that unwinds
• trap bacteria
• essential for fungi

Answer 15

NETosis

NETs

Question 16

describe the immunopathology of neutrophils

Answer 16

• sometimes the activity works too fast and contents are leaked before phagosome fusion is released
• toxic granules and ROS are leaked out of the cell
• causes inflammation and necrosis to neighboring cells
• major cause of pathology and many infections and inflammatory diseases