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Immunology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main divisions of the immune system?

A
  1. Barrier system (skin, mucosa, commensal microbes, anti-microbial substances)
  2. Innate immunity (early, induced)
  3. Adaptive immunity (primary, secondary, memory)
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2
Q

used to work on other cells

A

Cytokines

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3
Q

What phagocyte can move and which one cannot move?

A

Macrophages cannot move, they are sessile

Dendritic cells can move

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4
Q

What is the main job of the macrophage?

A

Induced innate system

  1. Fever response (CXCL 8, CCL2)
  2. extravization (IL-1beta, TBF2, IL-6)
  3. Acute phase protein production

-Pro inflammatory cytokines

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5
Q

An antigen presenting phagocytic cell

Antigen presentation -MHC. Takes to secondary lymphoid tissue to present to T cell then to activate the B cell

Antigen processing from protein to peptide

A

Dendritic cells

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6
Q

What are the 4 common symptoms of pro inflammatory cytokines?

A

-heat, pain, redness, swelling

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7
Q

What are the three main parts of adapters and unity?

A
  • Clonal selection
  • clonal expansion
  • differentiation into effecter cells (effector T cells and plasma cells)
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8
Q

___________ cells give rise to large numbers of lymphocytes, each with a different specificity

A

Progenitor

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9
Q

What can mimic the primary adaptive immune response?

A

Vaccinations

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10
Q

What comes from the myeloid stem cells and the lymphoid stem cells?

A

Myeloid- platelets, erythrocyte, basophil, neutrophil, basophils, monocyte, macrophage, dendritic, and mast cells

Lymphoid- natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, B lymphocyte (——> plasma cells)

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11
Q
  • Carry oxygen

- clean up immunological proteins

A

Erythrocytes

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12
Q

Platelets (involved with clotting) stem from this

A

Megakaryocyte

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13
Q

Least abundant granulocytes, regulation of anti-parasite responses

A

Basophils

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14
Q

What are the three granulocytes?

A

Neutrophil, eosinophils, basophil

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15
Q

Monocytes are in the blood and differentiate into what?

A

Macrophages

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16
Q
  • phagocyte
  • tissue resident (sessile)
  • activates innate response *** (NOT adaptive! That is for the dendritic cell because it can move)
A

Macrophage

17
Q
  • phagocyte
  • tissue resident
  • migratory
  • activate adaptive response**
A

Dendritic cell

18
Q

This cell is involved with the physical expulsion of parasites
(Also involved with allergies)

A

Mast cell

19
Q

What are the large lymphocytes?

A

Large lymphocytes (INNATE)

  • natural killer cells
  • ILC lymphocytes (secrete cytokines to activate myeloid cells
  • LTi (induces formation of secondary lymphoid tissue)
20
Q

What are the small lymphocytes?

A

Small lymphocytes (ADAPTIVE)

  • T cells “Cellular immunity” (interacts with other cells)
  • B cells “humoral immunity” (antibody)
21
Q

Numerous __________ are stored in the bone marrow and are released on demand to fight infection
They then go to infected tissue and kill bacteria. Once they die, they are degraded by macrophages

A

Neutrophils

22
Q

Bacterial components binding to macrophage signaling receptors that induce the synthesis of….

A

Inflammatory cytokines

23
Q

This is where lymphocytes develop and mature

A

Primary lymphoid organs

BONE MARROW

  • both B and T cells originate
  • B cells mature

THYMUS
-T cells mature

24
Q

In the lymph node, where is the T cell area and where is the B cell area?

A

T cells- in the middle (blue area)

B cells- lymphoid follicle towards the periphery (outside)

25
Q
  • cell surface receptor for a pathogen=immunoglobulins
  • becomes plasma cells when activated
  • secrete soluble ig called antibodies (bind to pathogens or toxic products)
A

B cell

26
Q

What becomes plasma cells when activated?

A

B cells

27
Q

What are B cells also known as?

What are T cells also known as?

A
  • Immunoglobulins

* T cell receptor’s

28
Q
  • cell surface receptor for pathogens
  • divided into two groups
    1. cytotoxic (CTL)
      • intracellular viruses or bacteria
      • tumor-bearing cells
    2. Helper
      • activate effector cells
      • secrete cytokines
A

T cell

Immunology (7 decks)

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