Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the three main divisions of the immune system?
- Barrier system (skin, mucosa, commensal microbes, anti-microbial substances)
- Innate immunity (early, induced)
- Adaptive immunity (primary, secondary, memory)
used to work on other cells
Cytokines
What phagocyte can move and which one cannot move?
Macrophages cannot move, they are sessile
Dendritic cells can move
What is the main job of the macrophage?
Induced innate system
- Fever response (CXCL 8, CCL2)
- extravization (IL-1beta, TBF2, IL-6)
- Acute phase protein production
-Pro inflammatory cytokines
An antigen presenting phagocytic cell
Antigen presentation -MHC. Takes to secondary lymphoid tissue to present to T cell then to activate the B cell
Antigen processing from protein to peptide
Dendritic cells
What are the 4 common symptoms of pro inflammatory cytokines?
-heat, pain, redness, swelling
What are the three main parts of adapters and unity?
- Clonal selection
- clonal expansion
- differentiation into effecter cells (effector T cells and plasma cells)
___________ cells give rise to large numbers of lymphocytes, each with a different specificity
Progenitor
What can mimic the primary adaptive immune response?
Vaccinations
What comes from the myeloid stem cells and the lymphoid stem cells?
Myeloid- platelets, erythrocyte, basophil, neutrophil, basophils, monocyte, macrophage, dendritic, and mast cells
Lymphoid- natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, B lymphocyte (——> plasma cells)
- Carry oxygen
- clean up immunological proteins
Erythrocytes
Platelets (involved with clotting) stem from this
Megakaryocyte
Least abundant granulocytes, regulation of anti-parasite responses
Basophils
What are the three granulocytes?
Neutrophil, eosinophils, basophil
Monocytes are in the blood and differentiate into what?
Macrophages
- phagocyte
- tissue resident (sessile)
- activates innate response *** (NOT adaptive! That is for the dendritic cell because it can move)
Macrophage
- phagocyte
- tissue resident
- migratory
- activate adaptive response**
Dendritic cell
This cell is involved with the physical expulsion of parasites
(Also involved with allergies)
Mast cell
What are the large lymphocytes?
Large lymphocytes (INNATE)
- natural killer cells
- ILC lymphocytes (secrete cytokines to activate myeloid cells
- LTi (induces formation of secondary lymphoid tissue)
What are the small lymphocytes?
Small lymphocytes (ADAPTIVE)
- T cells “Cellular immunity” (interacts with other cells)
- B cells “humoral immunity” (antibody)
Numerous __________ are stored in the bone marrow and are released on demand to fight infection
They then go to infected tissue and kill bacteria. Once they die, they are degraded by macrophages
Neutrophils
Bacterial components binding to macrophage signaling receptors that induce the synthesis of….
Inflammatory cytokines
This is where lymphocytes develop and mature
Primary lymphoid organs
BONE MARROW
- both B and T cells originate
- B cells mature
THYMUS
-T cells mature
In the lymph node, where is the T cell area and where is the B cell area?
T cells- in the middle (blue area)
B cells- lymphoid follicle towards the periphery (outside)
- cell surface receptor for a pathogen=immunoglobulins
- becomes plasma cells when activated
- secrete soluble ig called antibodies (bind to pathogens or toxic products)
B cell
What becomes plasma cells when activated?
B cells
What are B cells also known as?
What are T cells also known as?
- Immunoglobulins
* T cell receptor’s
- cell surface receptor for pathogens
- divided into two groups
- cytotoxic (CTL)
- intracellular viruses or bacteria
- tumor-bearing cells
- Helper
- activate effector cells
- secrete cytokines
- cytotoxic (CTL)
T cell
