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(Bio156) Exam 2- Study Guide > Chapter 3: Part 2 Cell Structure And Function > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Part 2 Cell Structure And Function Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: The cytoplasm cell contents are located between the plasma membrane and nucleus of the cell

A

True

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2
Q

This consists mostly of water with solutes (protein, salts, sugars, etc)

A

Cytosol

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3
Q

True or false: The cytoplasmic organelles are the metabolic machinery of the cell (mitochondria, ribosomes etc)

A

True

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4
Q

The “skeleton” of the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

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5
Q

Dynamic, elaborate series of rods running through the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

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6
Q

True or false: The cytoskeleton provides structure and movement within the cell

A

True

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7
Q

Hollow tubes of protein tubulin that form “spindle apparatus” used for cell division (mitosis and meiosis)

A

Microtubules

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8
Q

Used in cell division (mitosis and meiosis)

A

Spindle apparatus

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9
Q

Intermediate diameter made of various proteins like keratins

A

Intermediate filaments

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10
Q

Three main components of a cytoskeleton:

A

Microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

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11
Q

Smallest diameter, made of actin and play reinforcing role

A

Microfilaments

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12
Q

True or false: intermediate filaments and microfilaments are based on their diameter

A

True

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13
Q

True or false: microtubules have the largest diameter

A

True

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14
Q

True or false: cellular extensions are extensions of the pragma membrane

A

True

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15
Q

True or false: microvilli are found in the intestinal cells

A

True

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16
Q

Finger like extensions, that increase surface area for increased absorption

A

Microvilli

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17
Q

Short, hair like structures that are used to move substances along the surface of the cell

A

Cilia

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18
Q

True or false: cilia are found in the lining of the respiratory tract

A

True

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19
Q

True or false: Cilia move mucus up and out so that they don’t get into our lungs

A

True

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20
Q

True or false: flagellum are found in sperm

A

True

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21
Q

Long, hair like structures used to move (propell) an entire cell forward

A

Flagellum

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22
Q

True or false: flagellum moves the sperm forward

A

True

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23
Q

This is found in bacterial conjugation

A

Pili

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24
Q

Hair like structures on surface of prokaryotic cells used to transfer genetic material

A

Pili

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25
Q

True or false: microvilli are only found in eukaryotes

A

True

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26
Q

True or false: Cilia are only found in eukaryotes

A

True

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27
Q

True or false: flagellum is found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

True

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28
Q

True or false: Pili are only found in prokaryotes

A

True

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29
Q

Known as the “Command or Control Center”

A

Nucleus

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30
Q

Surrounded by nuclear envelope

A

Nucleus

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31
Q

Houses chromatin and nucleolus

A

Nucleus

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32
Q

Uses DNA to direct cellular activity

A

Nucleus

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33
Q

Uninucleate (most cells)

A

One nucleus

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34
Q

True or false: most cells are uninucleate

A

True

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35
Q

Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) carries O2 (loses nucleus to do its job)

A

Anucleate Cells

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36
Q

Skeletal muscle cells (Myocytes)

A

Multinucleate cells

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37
Q

True or false: within a nucleus we have a process in which DNA replication occurs

A

True

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38
Q

True or False: Two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds

A

True

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39
Q

True or false: hydrogen bonds between base pairs break, allowing DNA strands to uncoil into two single strand DNA templates or daughter strands

A

True

40
Q

True or false: “free floating”DNA nucleotides attached to the open DNA bases on template strands

A

True

41
Q

True or false: once all base pairs are reestablished, two identical DNA double helices result

A

True

42
Q

In DNA replication there are three processes:

A

Hydrogen bond pairs that break & uncoil into two single strand templates; free floating DNA nucleotides attach; to identical DNA double helices form

43
Q

This transfers DNA gene-base sequence to a complementary base sequence of a mRNA

A

Transcription

44
Q

True or False: The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus

A

True

45
Q

True or False: Transcription occurs when DNA is unzipped and one gene is located and RNA nucleotides come in.

A

True

46
Q

Central dogma of biology

A

The flow of information, when we go from DNA to a protein.

47
Q

From DNA to RNA

A

Transcription

48
Q

Converts mRNA base sequence of nucleic acids into the amino acid sequence of a proteins

A

Translation

49
Q

mRNA

A

Messenger (m) RNA

50
Q

RNA to protein

A

Translation

51
Q

Central dogma of biology

A

DNA to RNA and RNA to protein

52
Q

Carry genetic code for entire organism

A

DNA

53
Q

Uses information in DNA to build proteins

A

RNA

54
Q

True or false: DNA is only found in the nucleus

A

True

55
Q

True or false: RNA is found in nucleus and cytoplasm

A

True

56
Q

True or false: DNA is a long strand

A

True

57
Q

True or false: RNA is a short strand

A

True

58
Q

Double helix

A

DNA

59
Q

Single stranded

A

RNA

60
Q

This has deoxyribose sugar

A

DNA

61
Q

This has a ribose sugar

A

RNA

62
Q

This has Bases: Guanine=Cytosine, Adenine=Thymine

A

DNA

63
Q

This has Bases: Guanine=Cytosine, Adenine=Uracil

A

RNA

64
Q

True or false: RNA has Uracil?

A

True

65
Q

True or false: DNA has Thymine

A

True

66
Q

Three types of RNA

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

67
Q

Carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

68
Q

Transfers an amino acid to the ribosome for protein synthesis

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

69
Q

Structural component of the ribosome that, along with tRNA, helps translate message from mRNA into a protein

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

70
Q

Carries the genetic info from DNA to ribosomes

A

Messenger RNA

71
Q

Transfers amino acid to ribosome

A

Transfer RNA

72
Q

The ribosome that translates message into a protein

A

Ribosomal RNA

73
Q

True or false: In the Transcription process, it has the enzyme (RNA Polymerase) that opens the DNA double helix

A

True

74
Q

True or false: In the Transcription process, RNA Polymerase reads the DNA and assembles a complementary mRNA strand according to the base pair rules (A=T, G=C)

A

True

75
Q

True or false: In the Transcription process, mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and to a ribosome

A

True

76
Q

True or false: In the Transcription process, mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and to a ribosome

A

True

77
Q

This is when an enzyme unwinds A small segment of DNA, then assembles a complementary mRNA strand and then the mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and to the ribosome (DNA-mRNA)

A

Transcription

78
Q

True or false: In the process of Translation, mRNA joins with a ribosome (mRNA & proteins)

A

True

79
Q

True or false: in the process of Translation, tRNA transfers a specific amino acid to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon that compliments that TRNA anticodon.

A

True

80
Q

True or false: in the process of Translation, ribosome assembles the protein using the amino acids brought in by the tRNA according to the codons on the mRNA

A

True

81
Q

This happens when The ribosome reads the mRNA, It will then know which transfer RNA (or amino acid) to bring in, and then the ribosome will make one amino acid to the next via dehydration synthesis to form a peptide bond. At the end a polypeptide has been formed (RNA-Protein)

A

Translation

82
Q

What is the endosymbiosis/endosymbiotic theory?

A

How some organelles in eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells that lived inside another cell

83
Q

True or false: microfilaments provide support and reinforcement?

A

True

84
Q

True or false: Pili are you used to transfer genetic material DNA

A

True

85
Q

What is the job of chloroplast?

A

Photosynthesis

86
Q

What are the four protein synthesis?

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary

87
Q

What are the six membrane proteins?

A

“JETRAT”: JUNCTIONS, ENZYMES, TRANSPORT, RECOGNITION, ATTACHMENTS, TRANSDUCTION

88
Q

What are the three junctions of a membrane protein?

A

Gap, tight, adhering

89
Q

What is the function of mitochondria

A

Powerhouse- ATP

90
Q

What is the function of smooth ER?

A

Lipid metabolism, steroid synthesis, absorption of fats, Ca storage & release

91
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Modify, concentrate and package proteins

92
Q

What is the function of peroxisomes?

A

Detoxify and neutralize free radicals

93
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Site of protein synthesis

94
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Site of protein synthesis

95
Q

What are the three components of cell theory?

A

All organisms consist of one or more cells, The cell is the smallest structure and functional unit of life, All living cells arise from pre-existing cells

96
Q

What is the endosymbiosis theory?

A

One bacteria was engulped by another bacteria and two developed a symbiotic relationship

97
Q

What is the endosymbiosis theory?

A

One bacteria was engulped by another bacteria and two developed a symbiotic relationship

(Bio156) Exam 2- Study Guide (5 decks)

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