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(Bio156) Unit 2/Exam 2- Study Guide > Chapter 3: Part 2 Cell Structure And Function > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Part 2 Cell Structure And Function Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: The cytoplasm cell contents are located between the plasma membrane and nucleus of the cell

A

True

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2
Q

This consists mostly of water with solutes (protein, salts, sugars, etc)

A

Cytosol

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3
Q

True or false: The cytoplasmic organelles are the metabolic machinery of the cell (mitochondria, ribosomes etc)

A

True

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4
Q

The “skeleton” of the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

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5
Q

Dynamic, elaborate series of rods running through the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

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6
Q

True or false: The cytoskeleton provides structure and movement within the cell

A

True

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7
Q

Hollow tubes of protein tubulin that form “spindle apparatus” used for cell division (mitosis and meiosis)

A

Microtubules

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8
Q

Used in cell division (mitosis and meiosis)

A

Spindle apparatus

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9
Q

Intermediate diameter made of various proteins like keratins

A

Intermediate filaments

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10
Q

Three main components of a cytoskeleton:

A

Microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

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11
Q

Smallest diameter, made of actin and play reinforcing role

A

Microfilaments

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12
Q

True or false: intermediate filaments and microfilaments are based on their diameter

A

True

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13
Q

True or false: microtubules have the largest diameter

A

True

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14
Q

True or false: cellular extensions are extensions of the pragma membrane

A

True

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15
Q

True or false: microvilli are found in the intestinal cells

A

True

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16
Q

Finger like extensions, that increase surface area for increased absorption

A

Microvilli

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17
Q

Short, hair like structures that are used to move substances along the surface of the cell

A

Cilia

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18
Q

True or false: cilia are found in the lining of the respiratory tract

A

True

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19
Q

True or false: Cilia move mucus up and out so that they don’t get into our lungs

A

True

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20
Q

True or false: flagellum are found in sperm

A

True

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21
Q

Long, hair like structures used to move (propell) an entire cell forward

A

Flagellum

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22
Q

True or false: flagellum moves the sperm forward

A

True

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23
Q

This is found in bacterial conjugation

A

Pili

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24
Q

Hair like structures on surface of prokaryotic cells used to transfer genetic material

A

Pili

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25
True or false: microvilli are only found in eukaryotes
True
26
True or false: Cilia are only found in eukaryotes
True
27
True or false: flagellum is found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
True
28
True or false: Pili are only found in prokaryotes
True
29
Known as the "Command or Control Center"
Nucleus
30
Surrounded by nuclear envelope
Nucleus
31
Houses chromatin and nucleolus
Nucleus
32
Uses DNA to direct cellular activity
Nucleus
33
Uninucleate (most cells)
One nucleus
34
True or false: most cells are uninucleate
True
35
Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) carries O2 (loses nucleus to do its job)
Anucleate Cells
36
Skeletal muscle cells (Myocytes)
Multinucleate cells
37
True or false: within a nucleus we have a process in which DNA replication occurs
True
38
True or False: Two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds
True
39
True or false: hydrogen bonds between base pairs break, allowing DNA strands to uncoil into two single strand DNA templates or daughter strands
True
40
True or false: "free floating"DNA nucleotides attached to the open DNA bases on template strands
True
41
True or false: once all base pairs are reestablished, two identical DNA double helices result
True
42
In DNA replication there are three processes:
Hydrogen bond pairs that break & uncoil into two single strand templates; free floating DNA nucleotides attach; to identical DNA double helices form
43
This transfers DNA gene-base sequence to a complementary base sequence of a mRNA
Transcription
44
True or False: The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus
True
45
True or False: Transcription occurs when DNA is unzipped and one gene is located and RNA nucleotides come in.
True
46
Central dogma of biology
The flow of information, when we go from DNA to a protein.
47
From DNA to RNA
Transcription
48
Converts mRNA base sequence of nucleic acids into the amino acid sequence of a proteins
Translation
49
mRNA
Messenger (m) RNA
50
RNA to protein
Translation
51
Central dogma of biology
DNA to RNA and RNA to protein
52
Carry genetic code for entire organism
DNA
53
Uses information in DNA to build proteins
RNA
54
True or false: DNA is only found in the nucleus
True
55
True or false: RNA is found in nucleus and cytoplasm
True
56
True or false: DNA is a long strand
True
57
True or false: RNA is a short strand
True
58
Double helix
DNA
59
Single stranded
RNA
60
This has deoxyribose sugar
DNA
61
This has a ribose sugar
RNA
62
This has Bases: Guanine=Cytosine, Adenine=Thymine
DNA
63
This has Bases: Guanine=Cytosine, Adenine=Uracil
RNA
64
True or false: RNA has Uracil?
True
65
True or false: DNA has Thymine
True
66
Three types of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
67
Carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
68
Transfers an amino acid to the ribosome for protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
69
Structural component of the ribosome that, along with tRNA, helps translate message from mRNA into a protein
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
70
Carries the genetic info from DNA to ribosomes
Messenger RNA
71
Transfers amino acid to ribosome
Transfer RNA
72
The ribosome that translates message into a protein
Ribosomal RNA
73
True or false: In the Transcription process, it has the enzyme (RNA Polymerase) that opens the DNA double helix
True
74
True or false: In the Transcription process, RNA Polymerase reads the DNA and assembles a complementary mRNA strand according to the base pair rules (A=T, G=C)
True
75
True or false: In the Transcription process, mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and to a ribosome
True
76
True or false: In the Transcription process, mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and to a ribosome
True
77
This is when an enzyme unwinds A small segment of DNA, then assembles a complementary mRNA strand and then the mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and to the ribosome (DNA-mRNA)
Transcription
78
True or false: In the process of Translation, mRNA joins with a ribosome (mRNA & proteins)
True
79
True or false: in the process of Translation, tRNA transfers a specific amino acid to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon that compliments that TRNA anticodon.
True
80
True or false: in the process of Translation, ribosome assembles the protein using the amino acids brought in by the tRNA according to the codons on the mRNA
True
81
This happens when The ribosome reads the mRNA, It will then know which transfer RNA (or amino acid) to bring in, and then the ribosome will make one amino acid to the next via dehydration synthesis to form a peptide bond. At the end a polypeptide has been formed (RNA-Protein)
Translation
82
What is the endosymbiosis/endosymbiotic theory?
How some organelles in eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells that lived inside another cell
83
True or false: microfilaments provide support and reinforcement?
True
84
True or false: Pili are you used to transfer genetic material DNA
True
85
What is the job of chloroplast?
Photosynthesis
86
What are the four protein synthesis?
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
87
What are the six membrane proteins?
"JETRAT": JUNCTIONS, ENZYMES, TRANSPORT, RECOGNITION, ATTACHMENTS, TRANSDUCTION
88
What are the three junctions of a membrane protein?
Gap, tight, adhering
89
What is the function of mitochondria
Powerhouse- ATP
90
What is the function of smooth ER?
Lipid metabolism, steroid synthesis, absorption of fats, Ca storage & release
91
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modify, concentrate and package proteins
92
What is the function of peroxisomes?
Detoxify and neutralize free radicals
93
What is the function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
94
What is the function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
95
What are the three components of cell theory?
All organisms consist of one or more cells, The cell is the smallest structure and functional unit of life, All living cells arise from pre-existing cells
96
What is the endosymbiosis theory?
One bacteria was engulped by another bacteria and two developed a symbiotic relationship
97
What is the endosymbiosis theory?
One bacteria was engulped by another bacteria and two developed a symbiotic relationship

(Bio156) Unit 2/Exam 2- Study Guide (5 decks)

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