Chapter 3: 2.1/Part 1 Cell Structure And Function Flashcards
An instrument that magnifies an object
Microscope
True or false: The optic lens of a light microscope changes the orientation of the image. (A specimen that’s right side up and facing right will appear upside down and facing left when viewed through the microscope and vice versa)
True
True or false: staining cells will kill the cells
True
True or false: light microscopes magnify up to approximately 400 times
True
True or false: when oil immersion lenses are used magnification is usually increased 1,000 times
True
True or false: oil immersion lenses are used for the study of smaller cells, like most prokaryotic cells
True
True or false: dissecting microscopes have a lower magnification and are used to examine larger objects such as tissues
True
True or false: viewing a specimen under an electron microscope will kill it
True
True or false: when using an electron microscope, cells and other structures are usually coated with a metal like gold
True
Professional who studies cells through microscopic examinations and other laboratory tests
Cytotechnologist
Who was a Dutch shopkeeper who had great skill in crafting lenses for microscope’s
Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
Leeuwenhoek observe the movements of protists (a type of single-celled organism) and sperm termed as:
Animalcules
Who coined the term “cell” for the box like structures he observed when viewing cork tissues through a lens?
Experimental scientist Robert Hooke
Who proposed the unified cell theory?
Zoologist Theodore Schwan
When All living things are composed of one or more cells, and the cell is the basic unit of life and all new cells arise from existing cells
Unified cell theory
What are the two broad categories for cells?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Single-celled organisms of the domains bacteria and archaea
Prokaryotes
Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists
Eukaryotes
What are the four common components of cells:
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes
Outer covering that separates the cells interior from its surrounding environment
Plasma membrane
Jelly-like region within the cell in which other cellular components are found
Cytoplasm
Genetic material of the cell
DNA
Particles that synthesize proteins
Ribosomes
True or false: a prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle
True
Simple, single-celled (unicellular) organism
Prokaryotic cell
Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?
In a central part of the cell (a darkened region called the nucleoid)
Functions of a bacteria cell wall:
Acts as a layer of protection, helps the cell maintain its shape, and prevents hydration
This cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane bound compartments or sacs
Eukaryotic cell
Membrane-bound compartments or sacs
Organelles
True or false: prokaryotic cells are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells
True
True or false: as a cell becomes larger it becomes more difficult for the cell to acquire sufficient materials to support the processes inside the cell and declines
True
True or false: organelles allow for various functions to occur in the cell at the same time
True
What structure does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not have?
Chloroplast and a large central vacuole
Site of photosynthesis in a plant cell
Chloroplast
Filled with cell sap that maintains pressure against cell wall in a plant cell
Central vacuole
What structure does an animal cell have that a plant cell does not have?
Centrosome and lysosomes
Digests food and waste materials in an animal cell
Lysosome
Microtubule organizing Center in an animal cell
Centrosome
Made up of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding environment
Plasma membrane
True or false: prokaryotes and eukaryotic cells both have a plasma membrane
True
A lipid molecule composed of two fatty acid chains, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group
Phospho lipid
This regulates the passage of some substances, such as organic molecules, ions and water
Plasma membrane
First to observe bacteria and other microorganisms
Leeuwenhoek
What similarities does the Prokaryotic Cell have with Eukaryotic Cells?
DNA, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes
True or False: a Prokaryotic Cell has a nucleoid instead of a nucleaus
True
Prokaryote has 3 main bacterial shapes:
Cocci (round), bacilis (rod) & spirilla (spiral)
What are the three tenents of cell theory?
- All organisms consist of one or more cells, 2. Cell is the smallest structure, 3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Simple nucleoid, lacks organized nucleus, Pilus, capsule
Prokaryote
Larger and more complex, has a nucleus, fungi, protists
Eukaryotes
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes are common in what?
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes are associated with which domains of life?
Single cell
Three main shapes of bacteria
C o c c i (round), B a c i l i s (rod), S p i r i l l a (spiral)
True or false: Archaens live in extreme conditions
True
This can live in high temperatures, extreme salinity, high acidity, deep ocean pressures, high levels of radiation and anywhere too harsh for other life forms to survive.
Archaens
Group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that work together to modify package and transport lipids and proteins
Endomembrane system
Gelatinous liquid that fills inside a cell
Cytoplasm
Major components of Cytosol
Mostly water, some solutes (protein, salts and sugars)
Found in a plant cell
Central vacuole
Four types of microscopes
Light, fluorescence, transmission electron, scanning electron
What is a light microscope?
Compound, most used, basic and limited
What is a fluorescence microscope?
Allows to see real-time movement and specific substances/colors
What is a transmission electron microscope?
Higher magnification/black and white
What is a scanning electron microscope?
3D surface image
What types of molecules can pass through a plasma membrane?
Non-charged, small and dissolve in lipid
Examples: O2, alcohol, steroids, carbon dioxide
What types of molecules cannot pass through a plasma membrane?
Polar, larges and charged.
Examples: water, ions, and glucose
