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(Bio156) Exam 2- Study Guide > Chapter 3: 2.1/Part 3 Cell Structure And Function > Flashcards

Chapter 3: 2.1/Part 3 Cell Structure And Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two organelles that are only found in plant cells?

A

Chloroplast and central vacuole

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2
Q

Chlorophyll is a pigment for?

A

Photosynthesis

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3
Q

True or false: chloroplast produces glucose?

A

True

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4
Q

True or false: chloroplast has its own chloroplast DNA (CPD a)?

A

True

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5
Q

True or false: chloroplast DNA is separate and distinct from the DNA found in the nucleus?

A

True

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6
Q

Membranous sacs within the inner membrane

A

Thyilakoids

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7
Q

Stacks of thylakoids

A

Grana (granum)

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8
Q

Colorless fluid surrounding the grana

A

Stroma

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9
Q

What is the largest organelle in a plant cell?

A

Central vacuole

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10
Q

This holds water, other materials and wastes in a plant cell.

A

Central vacuole

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11
Q

This functions to maintain turgor, the proper pressure within the plant cells to provide structure and support.

A

Central vacuole

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12
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

This provides most all of the cells ATP via aerobic cellular respiration

A

Mitochondria

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14
Q

True or false: mitochondria contain their own mitochondrial DNA, discrete and different from chromosomal DNA?

A

True

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15
Q

In the mitochondrial structure there are two mitochondria membranes:

A

Smooth outer, folded inner

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16
Q

Regarding mitochondria membranes, folded inner means:

A

Folds =Cristae

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17
Q

True or false: The matrix is within the inner membrane of a mitochondria structure

A

True

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18
Q

Where is the mitochondria intermembrane space?

A

Located between the two membranes, smooth and folded

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19
Q

True or false: ribosome can be free or rough e.r.bound?

A

True

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20
Q

True or false: ribosome is made of ribosomal RNA (rDNA) and proteins

A

True

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21
Q

True or false: Ribosome is responsible for protein synthesis through the process of translation?

A

True

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22
Q

True or false: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is called a rough membrane system continuous with the nucleus because it is studded with ribosomes?

A

True

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23
Q

True or false: The rough endoplasmic reticulum (E R ) function is to manufacture proteins?

A

True

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24
Q

True or false: Smooth ER doesn’t have ribosomes

A

True

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25
Q

True or false: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) are tubes (tubules) arranged in a looping network?

A

True

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26
Q

What are the two main functions of a Smooth ER?

A

Lipid functions and storage and release of calcium

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27
Q

True or false: a lipid function is a synthesis of steroid-based hormones

A

True

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28
Q

True or false: a lipid function has increased absorption, synthesis and transport of fats in intestinal cells

A

True

29
Q

True or false: a lipid function is a lipid and cholesterol metabolism that break down of glycogen and detoxification of drugs, pesticides and carcinogens

A

True

30
Q

True or false: a Smooth ER has a function of storage and release of calcium in the skeletal and cardiac muscle cells?

A

True

31
Q

What is the key to a muscle contraction?

A

Storage and release of calcium and skeletal and cardiac muscle cells

32
Q

Two main functions of a Smooth ER:

A

Lipid and calcium (storage)

33
Q

These are stacked and flattened membranous sacs

A

Golgi apparatus

34
Q

True or false: Golgi apparatus functions and modification, concentration, packaging and shipping of proteins into secretory transport vessels?

A

True

35
Q

What is the analogy of a Golgi apparatus?

A

The post office of the cell

36
Q

Spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases) “Garbage Disposal”

A

Lysosomes

37
Q

True or false: Lisosomes digest ingested bacteria, viruses and toxins

A

True

38
Q

What is the storage form of carbohydrates?

A

Glycogen

39
Q

True or false: Lysosomes breakdown and release glycogen

A

True

40
Q

True or false: Lysosomes break down bone to release calcium (Ca2+) into blood?

A

True

41
Q

True or false: Lysosomes degrade non-functional organelles?

A

True

42
Q

True or false: Lysosomes destroy injured, non-useful cells (autolysis)

A

True

43
Q

Another name for non-useful cells

A

Autolysis

44
Q

True or false: Peroxisomes are membranous sacs containing powerful oxidases and catalysis (important enzymes)

A

True

45
Q

True or false: Peroxisomes detoxify harmful or toxic substances

A

True

46
Q

True or false: Peroxisomes neutralize dangerous “free radicals”

A

True

47
Q

Highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons

A

Free radicals

48
Q

Free radicals are caused by:

A

UV radiation, air pollution, smoking, ionizing radiation, cellular metabolism

49
Q

True or False: Hydrogen Peroxide can be created by cellular metabolism (by a small degree)

A

True

50
Q

Centrosome or microtubule organizing Center that contains centrioles:

A

Centrosome/centrioles

51
Q

True or false: centrioli’s control spindle fiber formation during mitosis and meiosis?

A

True

52
Q

True or false: centrosome plays a role in cell division?

A

True

53
Q

What is the main function of centrosome?

A

Cell division

54
Q

What are the two main types of cell division?

A

Mitosis and meiosis

55
Q

Nuclear division in which chromosomes are replicated creating two identical daughter cells necessary for growth and repair

A

Mitosis

56
Q

Nuclear division that reduces the chromosome number by half to create four haploid cells, necessary for gamete production and reproduction of the organism

A

Meiosis

57
Q

True or false: mitosis has one round of division

A

True

58
Q

True or false: Meiosis has two rounds of division

A

True

59
Q

True or false: Meiosis is responsible for forming sperm and egg?

A

True

60
Q

In cell division, This is used for growth and repair

A

Mitosis

61
Q

In cell division, this is used for gamete production and reproduction of the entire organism

A

Meiosis

62
Q

Four types of cellular extension

A

Microvilli (small intestines), Cilia, flagellum, Pili

63
Q

Three types of cytoskeletons

A

Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

64
Q

Hypothesis that explain how some organelles and eukaryotic cells originated as prokaryotic microbes

A

Endosymbiosis theory

65
Q

Supported by similarity of organelles to prokaryotic cells and presence of miniaturized prokaryotic chromosomes in organelles

A

Evidence that supports endosymbiosis theory

66
Q

The Chloroplast job is …

A

Photosynthesis

67
Q

Central Vacuole

A

Holds water, maintain turger pressure

68
Q

ATP is a nucleotide, pentose and triphosphate

A

True

(Bio156) Exam 2- Study Guide (5 decks)

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