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(Bio156) Exam 2- Study Guide > Chap 3 : Plasma Membranes > Flashcards

Chap 3 : Plasma Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

The cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in the production of ATP, the cell’s main energy carrying molecule

A

Mitochondria

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2
Q

A small, membrane-bound sac that functions in cellular storage and transport; it’s membrane is capable of fusing with plasma membrane and the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

A

Vesicle

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3
Q

A cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and several other membrane-bound compartments or sacs

A

Eukaryotic cell

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4
Q

The method of transporting material that requires energy

A

Active transport

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5
Q

A process of passing material out of a cell

A

Exocytosis

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6
Q

True or false: Enzymes are catalysts

A

True

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7
Q

Separate cells from external environment, controls passage of organic molecules, ions, water, oxygen and waste into and out of a cell

A

Plasma membrane

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8
Q

Provide structure to cell, site of many metabolic reactions, medium in which organelles are found

A

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

Location of DNA

A

Nucleoid

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10
Q

Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

ATP production/cellular respiration

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

Oxidizes and breaks down fatty acids and amino acids and detoxifies poisons

A

Peroxisomes

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14
Q

Storage and transport, digestive function in plant cells

A

Vesicles and vacuoles

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15
Q

Unspecific role in cell division in animal cells; organizing Center of microtubules in animal cells

A

Centrosome

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16
Q

Digestion of macromolecules; recycling of worn out organelles

A

Lysosomes

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17
Q

Protection, structural support and maintenance of cell shape

A

Cell wall

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18
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

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19
Q

Modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

Modifies, sorts, tags, packages and distributes lipids and proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

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21
Q

Maintains cells shape, secures organelles in specific positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell, and enables unicellular organisms to move independently

A

Cytoskeleton

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22
Q

Cellular locomotion

A

Flagella

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23
Q

Cellular locomotion, movement of particles along extracellular surface of plasma membrane, and filtration

A

Cilia

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24
Q

A scientific model that describes the structure and function of cell membranes

A

Fluid mosaic model

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25
Q

True or false: fatty acid tails are nonpolar and hydrophobic

A

True

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26
Q

True or false; phosphate heads are polar and hydrophilic

A

True

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27
Q

True or false: The plasma membrane is basically a lipid bilayer balloon filled with fluid

A

True

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28
Q

Lipid bilayer balloon filled with fluid; nonpolar tails sandwiched between polar heads; separates extracellular fluid from cytosol

A

Plasma membrane

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29
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A

Plasma membrane

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30
Q

Water loving

A

Hydrophilic

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31
Q

Water fearing

A

Hydrophobic

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32
Q

What molecules can pass through a hydrophobic core of a plasma membrane?

A

Small, no charge, dissolve in lipid (IE, oxygen, alcohol, steroids and carbon dioxide.

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33
Q

What molecules need help passing through the hydrophobic core of a plasma membrane?

A

Large, charged, polar (IE, water, ions, glucose

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34
Q

Three types of protein functions

A

Adhering (adheres one cell to nearby cells), tight (waterproofing/skin) and Gap (communication channels-heart)

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35
Q

Important membrane protein functions also include:

A

Enzymes, transport, recognition, attachment, transduction

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36
Q

What is citolyse?

A

Cell burst due to the amount of water taken in

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37
Q

What is hemolysis?

A

Cytolosis (burst) of a red blood cell

38
Q

What is hypotonic?

A

Decreased osmolality from plasma; cell draws water in.

39
Q

What is isotonic?

A

Same osmolality as plasma

40
Q

What is hypertonic?

A

Increased osmolality; pulls water out of a cell; Crenation occurs (dehydration)

41
Q

Found in the cell membranes

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, carbs

42
Q

A bilayer of phospholipids

A

Plasma membranes

43
Q

Phosphate heads are..

A

Polar and hydrophilic

44
Q

Fatty acid tails are…

A

Nonpolar and hydrophobic

45
Q

This creates a hydrophobic core to the plasma membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer

46
Q

This makes plasma membrane selectively permeable

A

Their structure- phospholipid bilayer

47
Q

What molecules can easily pass through the membrane?

A

Oxygen, steroids, , carbon dioxide, alcohol- “small, noncharged, nonpolar”

48
Q

What molecules need help passing through a membrane?

A

Water, ions, glucose, protein, electrolytes, amino acids- “large, charged, polar”

49
Q

How does the lipid composition of a cell’s plasma membrane influence its behavior under different environmental conditions?

A

By affecting the membranes fluidity

50
Q

What are the membrane protein functions:

A

Transporting, facilitating cell signaling by acting as a receptor, maintaining cell shape, cell recognition, carrying out enzymatic reactions depending on the specific protein type

51
Q

Three types of protein junctions?

A

Adhering (organ), Tight - (waterproofing, skin) & Gap (communication/channels- heart)

52
Q

Membrane transport=

A

Movement

53
Q

Passive transport

A

Doesn’t require energy but needs a protein to help it get through a membrane

54
Q

Passive transport

A

Doesn’t require energy but needs a protein to help it get through a membrane

55
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Difference in concentrations of a substance between two areas

56
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Doesn’t require energy/high to low concentration

57
Q

Facilitated diffusion (Carrier and channel proteins)

A

Occurs without energy but needs protein to get to a cell

58
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion

59
Q

Movement of water molecules from high to low through semi-permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

60
Q

Tonicity

A

Ability of a solution to change volume of cell by altering water content

61
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solution with LOWER osmatic pressure/solute/decreased “muscle tone”

62
Q

Isotonic

A

SAME water concentration/No net movement of water “muscle contraction”

63
Q

Hypertonic

A

HIGHER tone, tension/higher concentration of solutes

64
Q

Cytolosis

A

Pathologic dissolution/disintegration of cells “cell bursts”

65
Q

Hemolysis

A

Breakdown of red blood cells “bursting of red blood cells”

66
Q

Crenation

A

Cell shrinkage/dehydration

67
Q

Primary active transport

A

Forcing molecules to move against where they wouldn’t naturally go through diffusion

68
Q

Sodium/potassium (na*/k) pump

A

Membrane found in animal cells. Helps maintain equilibrium

69
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Uses electrochemical energy to move molecules across cell membrane (co-transport)/relies on primary gradient

70
Q

Symporter

A

Molecules moving in SAME direction

71
Q

Anti-porter

A

Molecules moving in OPPOSITE direction

72
Q

Vesicular

A

Move substances into or out of the cell

73
Q

When water flows into a cell

A

Hypotonic

74
Q

When water moves at equal rate

A

Isotonic

75
Q

This occurs when water is pulled out of cells

A

Hypertonic

76
Q

ATP/Damned up water

A

Primary active transport

77
Q

Pumps (2) sodium out and (3) potassium in

A

Sodium potassium pump

78
Q

Types of vesicular transport

A

Exocytosis, Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis and Receptor mediated endocytosis

79
Q

This type of vesicular transport removes waste out of a cell

A

Exocytosis

80
Q

Hormones, waste, neurotransmitters

A

Examples of exocytosis

81
Q

This type of vesicular transport takes in fluid/ consumption “like a fine wine”

A

Pinocytosis

82
Q

An example of Pinocytosis

A

Small intestines/nutrient rich

83
Q

This type of vesicular transport sell in golf’s or eats large particles/non-specific solid

A

Phagocytosis

84
Q

An example of phagocytosis

A

Bacteria, viruses, microvilli

85
Q

This type of vesicular transport allows cells to absorb molecules like a “lock and key”

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis

86
Q

Examples of receptor mediated endocytosis

A

Used by animals to bring cholesterol and certain hormones

87
Q

How does solid concentration influence osmosis inside a cell?

A

Determining direction and rate of water movement across cell membrane

88
Q

How does solid concentration influence osmosis outside of the cell?

A

It causes water to move out of the cell via osmosis

89
Q

Against or up

A

Active (requires energy/atp)

90
Q

Along or down/concentration gradient

A

Passive (doesn’t require energy but needs a protein to get through)

(Bio156) Exam 2- Study Guide (5 decks)

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